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化工学报  2014 

进口尺寸对旋转流场分离特征的影响

DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0438-1157.2014.01.026, PP. 205-212

Keywords: 进口尺寸,计算流体力学,旋转流场结构,湍流,分离

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Abstract:

力旋流器进口尺寸的设计是提高分离精度的一种有效方法。长期以来,对旋流器进口尺寸影响分离性能的认识主要来自工程实践经验,鲜见从旋转流场和分离机理的角度进行系统性分析的报道。采用计算流体力学方法进行旋转流场模拟,并考察进口尺寸缩小后的压力分布特性、三向速度分布和二次涡流结构。研究结果表明:进口尺寸缩小后切向速度数值的上升趋势明显,同时轴向速度和径向速度数值上相对变化较小,管内离心强度显著增高的同时保留了主要的分离结构。而且柱段流体,尤其是远离进口一侧的流体旋转更为充分,轴向速度双峰结构也更为明显。从上述角度来看,进口尺寸缩小后的流场分布情况更加有利于分离。但是,进口尺寸的缩小会加剧旋流管内的二次涡流运动,增大进口处射流的卷吸作用,使流场更加不稳定,从而对分离产生不利影响,因此分离粒度不可能随着进口尺寸的缩小无限制地降低。另外,进口尺寸缩小后,局部损失增大,且二次涡流运动加剧,导致旋流管的能耗会有一定的增加。

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