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化工学报  2015 

离子液体体系用于盐湖卤水提取锂

DOI: 10.11949/j.issn.0438-1157.20141834, PP. 265-271

Keywords: 离子液体,萃取,分离,,磷酸三丁酯

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Abstract:

3种咪唑类离子液体:1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐([C4mim][PF6])、1-己基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐([C6mim][PF6])、1-辛基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐([C8mim][PF6])被作为绿色溶剂用于盐湖卤水分离镁锂,建立了以离子液体(ILs)、磷酸三丁酯(TBP)分别为萃取介质和萃取剂的盐湖卤水锂萃取体系,并与使用传统有机溶剂磺化煤油和氯仿的萃取效果进行了对比。研究发现,该离子液体体系较使用传统挥发性有机溶剂的萃取体系有更高的萃取率。锂的萃取率随离子液体中烷基碳原子数的减小而增加。详细考察了溶液pH、离子液体浓度、相比对萃取效率的影响,获得了离子液体体系萃取的最优条件。在最佳萃取条件下,3种离子液体体系对锂的单级萃取效率均高于80%,分离系数最高达到100以上。机理研究表明:离子液体体系是以阳离子交换实现对锂的萃取,Li+与TBP形成[Li·2TBP]+络合物进入有机相。

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