Fang M, Yu C, Shi Z, Wang Q, Luo Z, Cen K. Experimental research on solid circulation in a twin fluidized bed system [J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2003, 94: 171-178.
[2]
Luo K, Wu F, Yang S, Fang M, Fan J. High-fidelity simulation of the 3-D full-loop gas-solid flow characteristics in the circulating fluidized bed [J]. Chemical Engineering Science, 2015, 123: 22-38.
[3]
Yang S, Yang H, Zhang H, Li J, Yue G. Impact of operating conditions on the performance of the external loop in a CFB reactor [J]. Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification, 2009, 48: 921-926.
[4]
Kim S, Namkung W, Kim S. Solids flow characteristics in loop-seal of a circulating fluidized bed [J]. Korean J. Chem. Eng., 1999, 16: 82-88.
[5]
Kim S W, Kim S D. Effects of particle properties on solids recycle in loop-seal of a circulating fluidized bed [J]. Powder Technology, 2002, 124: 76-84.
[6]
Kim S W, Kim S D, Lee D H. Pressure balance model for circulating fluidized beds with a loop-seal [J]. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2002, 41: 4949-4956.
[7]
Bai D, Issangya A S, Zhu J X, Grace J R. Analysis of the overall pressure balance around a high-density circulating fluidized bed [J]. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 1997, 36: 3898-3903.
[8]
Basu P, Cheng L. An analysis of loop seal operations in a circulating fluidized bed [J]. Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 2000, 78: 991-998.
[9]
Bi H, Zhu J. Static instability analysis of circulating fluidized beds and concept of high-density risers [J]. AIChE J., 1993, 39: 1272-1280.
Du B, Warsito W, Fan L S. ECT studies of the choking phenomenon in a gas-solid circulating fluidized bed [J]. AIChE J., 2004, 50: 1386-1406.
[12]
Bi H T, Grace J R, Zhu J X. Types of choking in vertical pneumatic systems [J]. International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 1993, 19: 1077-1092.
[13]
Zheng Y, Zhu J X. Overall pressure balance and system stability in a liquid-solid circulating fluidized bed [J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2000, 79: 145-153.
[14]
Yang Jianhua (杨建华), Jiang Lie (姜烈), Fan Zhenyi (樊真一). Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler Equipment and Operation (循环流化床锅炉设备及运行) [M]. Beijing: China Electrical Press, 2005: 139.
[15]
Yang Jianhua (杨建华), Qu Weidong (屈卫东), Yang Yibo (杨义波). Analysis of the operation features of HG-440 t/h CFBB particle valve [J]. Boiler Technology (锅炉技术), 2004, (4): 27-31.
[16]
Covezzi M, Mei G. The multizone circulating reactor technology [J]. Chemical Engineering Science, 2001, 56: 4059-4067.
[17]
Zhao Liming (赵黎明), Meili R T. Measurement of concentration and velocity of particles with laser backscatter system//7th National Conference on Fluidization[C]. Beijing, 2013: 86-91.
[18]
Hu Yongqi (胡永琪), Jin Yong(金涌). Engineering application of high-speed fluidization in 21st century [J]. China Industry and Engineering Progress(化工进展), 1998, 17(1):1-6.
[19]
Yao X, Yang H, Zhang H, Zhou C, Liu Q, Yue G. Gas-solid flow behavior in the standpipe of a circulating fluidized bed with a loop seal [J]. Energy & Fuels, 2010, 25: 246-250.
[20]
Zhang J Y, Rudolph V. Flow instability in non-fluidized standpipe flow [J]. Powder Technology, 1998, 97: 109-117.
[21]
Nagashima H, Ishikura T, Ide M. Flow characteristics of a small moving bed downcomer with an orifice under negative pressure gradient [J]. Powder Technology, 2009, 192: 110-115.
[22]
Jing S, Li H. Study on the flow of fine powders from hoppers connected to a moving-bed standpipe with negative pressure gradient [J]. Powder Technology, 1999, 101: 266-278.
[23]
Li J, Zhang H, Yang H, Liu Q, Yue G. The mechanism of lateral solid transfer in a CFB riser with pant-leg structure [J]. Energy & Fuels, 2010, 24: 2628-2633.
[24]
Wang Q, Yang H, Wang P, Lu J, Liu Q, Zhang H, Wei L, Zhang M. Application of CPFD method in the simulation of a circulating fluidized bed with a loop seal (Ⅱ): Investigation of solids circulation [J]. Powder Technology, 2014, 253: 822-828.
[25]
Mooson Kwauk (郭慕孙), Li Hongzhong (李洪钟). Handbook of Fluidization (流态化手册) [M]. Beijing: Chemical Industry Press, 2008:179.
[26]
Feng Heng (冯蘅), Li Qinghai (李清海), Gan Chao (甘超), Meng Aihong (蒙爱红), Zhang Yanguo (张衍国). One-dimension kinetic flow model of the loop-seal in circulating fluidized bed [J]. Journal of Tsinghua University: Science and Technology(清华大学学报:自然科学版), 2014, (2):229-234.
[27]
Korbee R, Snip O C, Schouten J C, van den Bleek C M. Rate of solids and gas transfer via an orifice between partially and completely fluidized beds [J]. Chemical Engineering Science, 1994, 49: 5819-5832.