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化工学报  2015 

采用垂直电场电泳分离脱盐技术模拟海水淡化的探索

DOI: 10.11949/j.issn.0438-1157.20150766, PP. 332-341

Keywords: 海水淡化,电泳,氯离子浓度,停留时间,电压,脱盐,分布

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Abstract:

由于受环境污染的影响,淡水资源的供给问题日趋严峻,供给方式的新技术探索是有效解决问题的重要途径,尤其是海水淡化的相关技术。利用实验室自制的垂直电场电泳装置,研究模拟海水的脱盐效果(以氯离子为研究对象)。考察了氯离子初始浓度、停留时间和电压3个因素分别对脱盐率、能量效率(单位电功能量的正极区迁移的氯离子质量)和分布比率的影响。出水分为4个区域,正极区、负极区、中间区和两极邻近区,其中中间区代表模拟海水淡化的目标收集区。结果表明,随着入水口处的氯离子初始浓度的增加,电泳装置出水口的中间区的脱盐率降低,能量效率逐渐升高,中间区、负极区和两极邻近区的分布比率增大,而正极区的分布比率减小。随着停留时间的增加,中间区脱盐率明显升高,高达69.5%,能量效率逐渐降低,中间区和负极区的分布比率减小,而正极区和两极邻近区的分布比率增加。随着电压升高,中间区的脱盐率逐渐升高,最高达13.9%,能量效率逐渐降低,正极区的分布比率逐渐增大,而负极区和两极邻近区的分布比率逐渐减小,中间区分布比率呈先上升后降低趋势。

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