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化工学报  2015 

论偶氮染料的偶氮-腙互变异构

DOI: 10.11949/j.issn.0438-1157.20140958, PP. 52-59

Keywords: 偶氮染料,偶氮-腙互变异构,结构与性能关系,核磁共振谱,质谱,X射线衍射谱

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Abstract:

偶氮染料存在着偶氮-腙互变异构。其中包括两个概念,一是偶氮体和腙体是一对异构体,由其结构不同导致其发色和化学性能不同;二是两种异构体在满足某种条件下可以互变。对偶氮体或腙体结构的识别是研究偶氮染料结构与性能的基础。当前染料学术界和产业界对偶氮-腙互变异构有两大误识:偶氮体即腙体,两者不必加以区分;以及两者既为互变异构,则时刻处于变化中而无法进行区分。本文针对上述误识,讨论了两种异构体的结构与性能关系。一个偶氮染料的偶氮体及醌腙体是两种结构与性能,如紫外-可见光谱吸收、化学反应性能及牢度不同的化合物。通常仅以某种异构体结构为稳定状态存在,折中结构结决定了它的颜色和染色性能。两者仅在某种特定的条件下可以互相变化。这些条件取决于化合物结构、所处环境条件,如温度、溶剂、介质pH等环境因素对偶氮-腙平衡的影响。介绍了用其红外光谱、拉曼光谱、核磁波谱、质谱以及晶体的X衍射谱来确认互变异构体的方法。

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