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核农学报  2013 

突变率与突变频率的概念及估算

, PP. 293-300

Keywords: 突变率,突变频率,表型鉴定,基因型鉴定,估算

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Abstract:

突变率是指单位时间内某种突变发生的几率,可表示为每个位点、每个基因、每个核苷酸或每个配子在每个世代或每次DNA复制时发生突变的几率。突变频率是指群体内发生某种突变的细胞或个体数的比例。突变的鉴定方法可分为表型鉴定和基因型鉴定两大类。基因型鉴定是继表型鉴定以后发展起来的检测突变的新方法。其中,微卫星技术在突变率的估算中得到较广泛的应用,但应用于植物突变率的估算却相对较少。本文以植物突变遗传和育种为例,简述了突变率和突变频率的估算方法,重点介绍了在硬粒小麦、鹰嘴豆、玉米、普通小麦和豌豆等作物中估算微卫星突变率的研究进展。对TILLING技术在突变检测中的应用进行了简要介绍。

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