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核农学报  2013 

不同棉花种质资源耐热性苗期鉴定

DOI: 10.11869/hnxb.2013.07.1029, PP. 1029-1040

Keywords: 棉花,生理生化指标,耐热性,苗期鉴定

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Abstract:

高温是非常严重的环境灾害之一,严重影响棉花的产量。本试验将不同棉花种质资源田间高温表现和幼苗高温条件下的生理生化变化相结合,建立苗期快速鉴定不同棉花种质资源耐热性的体系。首先鉴定了南丹巴地大花、常抗棉、早熟长绒、岱字棉55田间蕾铃脱落率、不孕籽率,三叶期48℃处理8h的幼苗萎蔫率、花粉相对萌发率(40℃),以确定种质的耐热性。然后测定不同苗龄期不同温度处理下这4份种质的超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶、抗坏血酸、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶、还原型谷胱甘肽、谷胱甘肽还原酶、丙二醛、相对电导率和叶绿素含量。发现这10种指标在不同耐热性种质中存在着极显著的差异。并初步筛选出三叶期,40℃处理下的抗坏血酸过氧化物酶、相对电导率、过氧化物酶、丙二醛和过氧化氢酶为苗期鉴定指标。同时用15份不同的棉花种质资源来验证这5个指标。最后结合三叶期的幼苗萎蔫率,建立了以三叶期40℃处理抗坏血酸过氧化物酶、相对电导率和萎蔫率为指标的棉花耐热性苗期鉴定方法。

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