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核农学报  2013 

农牧交错区耕作方式对土壤性质及小麦氮素利用的影响

DOI: 10.11869/hnxb.2013.08.1209, PP. 1209-1215

Keywords: 小麦,保护性耕作,氮素,氮素利用率

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Abstract:

为了揭示耕作方式对土壤性质及小麦产量和氮素利用的影响,于2008-2010年在我国北方干旱半干旱区的内蒙古自治区赤峰市(农牧交错区)进行试验。试验设置了3种耕作方式:常规翻耕、免耕留茬和留茬覆盖,比较不同耕作方式对土壤物理性质、小麦产量和品质以及小麦对施入氮肥吸收利用的影响。结果表明,长期实施免耕留茬和留茬覆盖这两种保护性耕作方式可以提高土壤含水量及非毛管孔隙度,有利于改善土壤结构,并且有利于提高小麦产量,提高籽粒蛋白质含量,适当改善小麦加工品质。保护性耕作条件下小麦对氮素的利用率提高3%~4%,土壤残留量降低约1%,减少氮素损失约2%,相应地减轻氮肥对农田环境的污染。此外,小麦对上季残留氮素的利用受耕作方式影响较小。

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