Ng T T. Input parameters of discrete element methods [J]. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 2006, 132(7): 723―729.
[2]
刘连峰. 弹塑性颗粒物质准静态变形的细观力学行为[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2007, 29(4): 524―530. Liu Lianfeng. Micromechanics of granular assemblies of elastic-perfectly plastic spheres during quasi-static deformation [J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2007, 29(4): 524―530. (in Chinese)
[3]
Tejchman J. FE analysis of shearing of granular bodies in a direct shear box [J]. Particulate Science and Technology, 2005, 23(3): 229―248.
[4]
Thornton C, Zhang L. Numerical simulations of the direct shear test [J]. Chemical Engineering & Technology, 2003, 26(2): 153―156.
[5]
贾学明, 柴贺军, 郑颖人. 土石混合料大型直剪试验的颗粒离散元细观力学模拟研究[J]. 岩土力学, 2010, 31(9): 2695―2703. Jia Xueming, Chai Hejun, Zheng Yingren. Mesomechanics research of large direct shear test on soil and rock aggregate mixture with particle flow code simulation [J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2010, 31(9): 2695―2703. (in Chinese)
[6]
周健, 史旦达, 贾敏才, 闫东霄. 砂土单调剪切力学性状的颗粒流模拟[J]. 同济大学学报(自然科学版), 2007, 35(10): 1299―1304. Zhou Jian, Shi Danda, Jia Mincai, Yan Dongxiao. Numerical simulation of mechanical response on sand under monotonic loading by particle flow code [J]. Journal of Tong Ji Unicersity (Natural Science), 2007, 35(10): 1299―1304. (in Chinese)
[7]
史旦达, 周健, 刘文白, 邓益兵. 砂土直剪力学性状的非圆颗粒模拟与宏细观机理研究[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2010, 32(10): 1557―1565. Shi Danda, Zhou Jian, Liu Wenbai, Deng Yibing. Exploring macro- and micro-scale responses of sand in direct shear tests by numerical simulations using non-circular particles [J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2010, 32(10): 1557―1565. (in Chinese)
[8]
Huang E Y. A Test for Evaluating the Geometric Characteristics of Coarse Aggregate Particles [C]. American Society for Testing and Materials Proceeding, TRID, 1962: 1223―1242.
[9]
Cundall P A. A computer model for simulating progressive, large-scale movements in blocky rock systems [C]. The International Symposium on Rock Mechanics. Nancy, ISRM, 1971: 11―18.
[10]
Shi G H. Discontinuous Deformation Analysis: A New Numerical Model for the Statics and Dynamics of Block Systems [D]. Berkeley: University of California, 1988.
[11]
Cui L, O'sullivan C. Exploring the macro- and micro-scale response of an idealised granular material in the direct shear apparatus [J]. Geotechnique, 2006, 56(7): 455―468.
[12]
Lim W L, Mcdowell G R. Discrete element modelling of railway ballast [J]. Granular Matter, 2005, 7(1): 19―29.
[13]
Lu M, Mcdowell G R. Discrete element modelling of railway ballast under triaxial conditions [J]. Geomechanics and Geoengineering, 2008, 3(4): 257―270.
[14]
Stahl M, Konietzky H. Discrete element simulation of ballast and gravel under special consideration of grain-shape, grain-size and relative density [J]. Granular Matter, 2011, 13(4): 417―428.
[15]
常在, 杨军, 程晓辉. 砂土强度和剪胀性的颗粒力学分析[J]. 工程力学, 2010, 27(4): 95―104. Chang Zai, Yang Jun, Cheng Xiaohui. Granular mechanical analysis of the strength and dilatancy of sands [J]. Engineering Mechanics, 2010, 27(4): 95―104. (in Chinese)
[16]
马宗源, 徐清清, 党发宁. 碎石土地基动力夯实的颗粒流离散元数值分析[J]. 工程力学, 2013(增刊1): 184―190. Ma Zongyuan, Xu Qingqing, Dang Faning. Numerical study of dynamic compacted for gravel foundation using particle flow method [J]. Engineering Mechanics, 2013(Suppl 1): 184―190. (in Chinese)
[17]
Lu M, Mcdowell G R. The importance of modelling ballast particle shape in the discrete element method [J]. Granular Matter, 2007, 9(1/2): 69―80.
[18]
严颖, 季顺迎. 颗粒形态对离散介质剪切强度的影响 [J]. 岩土力学, 2009, 30(增刊1): 225―230, 249. Yan Ying, Ji Shunying. Effects of particle shape on shear strength of discrete media [J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2009, 30(Suppl 1): 225―230, 249. (in Chinese)
[19]
Wilson J, Klotz L D, Nagaraj C. Automated measurement of aggregate indices of shape [J]. Particulate Science and Technology, 1997, 15(1): 13―35.
[20]
Rao C, Tutumluer E, Stefanski J A. Coarse aggregate shape and size properties using a new image analyzer [J]. Journal of Testing and Evaluation, 2001, 29(5): 461―471.
[21]
Rao C, Tutumluer E, Kim I T. Quantification of coarse aggregate angularity based on image analysis [J]. Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2002, 1787(1): 117―124.
[22]
Masad E, Al-Rousan T, Button J, Little D, Tutumluer E. Test Methods for Characterizing Aggregate Shape, Texture and Angularity [R]. Washington, D.C: National Cooperative Highway Research Program, 2005.
[23]
Cundall P A. Formulation of a three-dimensional distinct element model-Part I. A scheme to detect and represent contacts in a system composed of many polyhedral blocks [C]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts. Pergamon: Elsevier, 1988: 107―116.
[24]
Nezami E G, Hashash Y M A, Zhao D W, Ghaboussi J. A fast contact detection algorithm for 3-D discrete element method [J]. Computers and Geotechnics, 2004, 31(7): 575―587.
[25]
周先齐, 徐卫亚, 钮新强, 崔玉柱. 离散单元法研究进展及应用综述[J]. 岩土力学, 2007(增刊1): 408―416. Zhou Xianqi, Xu Weiya, Niu Xinqiang, Cui Yuzhu. A review of distinct element method researching progress and application [J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2007(Suppl 1): 408―416. (in Chinese)
[26]
Zhao D W, Nezami E G, Hashash Y M A, Ghaboussi J. Three-dimensional discrete element simulation for granular materials [J]. Engineering Computations, 2006, 23(7/8): 749―770.
[27]
Hart R, Cundall P A, Lemos J. Formulation of a three-dimensional distinct element model-Part II. Mechanical calculations for motion and interaction of a system composed of many polyhedral blocks [C]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts. Pergamon: Elsevier, 1988: 117―125.
[28]
Cundall P A. UDEC-A Generalised Distinct Element Program for Modelling Jointed Rock [R]. U.S.A: Army, 1980.
[29]
Tutumluer E, Huang H, Bian X. Geogrid-aggregate interlock mechanism investigated through aggregate imaging based discrete element modeling approach [J]. International Journal of Geomechanics, 2010, 12(4): 391―398.
[30]
Nezami E G, Hashash Y M A, Zhao D W, Ghaboussi J. Simulation of front end loader bucket-soil interaction using discrete element method [J]. International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 2007, 31(9): 1147―1162.
[31]
张祺, 厚美瑛. 直剪颗粒体系的尺寸效应研究[J]. 物理学报, 2012(24): 348―353. Zhang Qi, Hou Meiying. Research on size effect of direct shear test [J]. Acta Physica Sinica, 2012(24): 348―353. (in Chinese)