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工程力学  2015 

水工闸门垂直水动力计算方法

DOI: 10.6052/j.issn.1000-4750.2013.12.1234, PP. 236-242

Keywords: 水工闸门,垂直水动力,下吸力,上托力,数值仿真

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Abstract:

为了解决水工闸门在启闭过程中垂直水动力的计算方法问题,将垂直水动力分为闸门开启过程中的下吸力和关闭过程中的上托力。首先,在闸门开启过程中,闸门底缘水流的压力能会转化为动能,而在同一开度下流过闸孔的流量又是常量,这就造成了过水断面在闸门底缘处的收缩,流体与闸门底缘分离,当外界补气不充足时,在闸门底缘部位将形成一定真空度,这部分真空度则是造成下吸力的主要原因。其次,在闸门关闭过程中,闸门对水流的阻断以及闸门底缘对水流流向的改变是导致上托力产生的主要原因。最后,该文应用下吸力和上托力的作用原理并结合水流的能量和动量方程提出了闸门启闭过程中下吸力和上托力的计算方法。同时,利用经积石峡水电站试验数据验证后的数值模型进行仿真分析,结果表明:下吸力和上托力计算方法所得结果与仿真结果吻合较好。

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