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基于遥感与GIS的中国湖泊形态分析

DOI: 10.6046/gtzyyg.2015.03.16, PP. 92-98

Keywords: 湖泊形态,形状指数,分维数,湖区,遥感

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Abstract:

基于2010年LandsatTM/ETM数据,结合GoogleEarth影像和其他资料,采用面向对象的分类方法,以30m的分割尺度对图像进行分割,并通过比值指数、归一化差值水体指数及谱间关系等指数来提取水体信息,将水体分为河渠、湖泊及水库坑塘3类,并对分类结果进行精度验证,最终得到中国湖泊空间分布信息;以此为基础,计算出反映湖泊形态的景观指数(如形状指数、近圆形指数及分维数等),并结合湖泊的面积和湖泊岸线长度来说明湖泊的基本状况及其形状的复杂程度。结果表明:利用面向对象分类方法可以得到较高的分类精度,3种类型水体分类的总精度为93%,湖泊分类精度达到90%以上;在中国内陆,面积大于1.0km2的自然湖泊2477个,总面积约77934.72km2;在5个湖区中,青藏高原湖区的湖泊面积最大,占湖泊总面积的54.34%,其形状指数和分维数均值为最小,湖泊形态比较简单;东部平原湖区降雨充沛,水系发达,其形状指数和分维数均值最大,湖泊岸线更加曲折,形态复杂多变;通过分析得出,形状指数与分维数有明显的相关性(R2=0.95),湖泊岸线分维数值越高,其形状指数越大,岸线越复杂。

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