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渤海湾海岸带遥感监测及时空变化

DOI: 10.6046/gtzyyg.2013.02.26, PP. 156-163

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Abstract:

渤海湾沿岸快速的工业化和城市化使得该区土地利用和海岸线发生了巨大变化,研究选用2000年、2005年和2010年的LandsatTM\ETM遥感数据,通过人机交互解译方法和GIS空间分析技术,完成了海岸线的提取和渤海湾沿岸部分区域的土地分类,全面分析了渤海湾海岸线变迁和土地利用的空间变化特征,并将定量分析与定性分析相结合,揭示了该区域海岸线变化和土地利用的幅度、速度和区域差异。研究表明:渤海湾海岸10a内发生了大幅度的变化,变化趋势是由陆向海推进,陆地面积增加了约322km2,海岸线增长了约331.6km;从沿岸的土地利用类型来看,人工建筑和建筑未利用地不断增加,天然裸地,湿地等资源大幅减少,滩涂损失最多的区域是天津港地区(89%),盐田坑塘养殖池被占用最多的是天津汉沽段(55%)。2000-2005年天津港地区的海岸线和陆地面积变化明显加快,2005-2010年曹妃甸港围填海速度最快,2005年以后渤海湾地区的变化速度快于前5a。这些变化的主要驱动因素是人类经济活动带来的过度开发。

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