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近32年塔里木盆地与准噶尔盆地湿地演化遥感分析

DOI: 10.6046/gtzyyg.2013.03.20, PP. 118-123

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Abstract:

以1975年MSS,2000年ETM和2007年CBERS02三期遥感数据为基础信息源,对塔里木盆地和准噶尔盆地湿地演化特征及主要驱动力进行了分析。结果表明:①32a间,准噶尔盆地湿地面积增加了254.94km2,塔里木盆地湿地面积减少了2739.88km2,沼泽湿地的严重退化引起了塔里木盆地湿地的锐减;②塔里木盆地湿地演化可分为破碎化和消亡2个发展阶段,湿地主导类型已由沼泽湿地转变为河流湿地,景观多样性指数与均匀度指数降低,说明湿地多样性减小;准噶尔盆地湿地景观多样性指数和均匀度指数持续增加,而优势度指数持续减小,说明湿地景观结构趋于均匀化;③塔里木盆地和准噶尔盆地年降水量和年均气温呈逐年上升趋势,增加量分别为0.59mm/a和0.042℃/a,1.69mm/a和0.047℃/a;准噶尔盆地湿地演化与气候变化密切相关;④1975—2000年和2000—2007年间,塔里木盆地因"围湿造田"直接丧失的湿地面积高达1035.06km2和1030.30km2,分别占2个时期湿地减少面积的81.74%和69.92%。人类活动是引起塔里木盆地湿地面积锐减的主要原因。

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