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近30年西藏雪深时空变化及其对气候变化的响应

DOI: 10.6046/gtzyyg.2014.01.25, PP. 144-151

Keywords: 西藏,雪深,时空变化,气候响应

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Abstract:

积雪深度是表征积雪特征的重要参数,也是气候变化区域响应敏感因素。利用1979—2010年逐日雪深被动微波遥感数据以及同期气象资料,对西藏雪深时空变化特征及其与气候因子的响应关系进行了分析。结果表明:32a来,西藏雪深呈显著增加趋势,气候倾向率为0.26cm/10a;1999年以后,雪深则表现为下降趋势,气候倾向率为-0.35cm/10a。四季平均雪深中,春季雪深的变化对年平均贡献最大,二者相关系数高达0.88。高原雪深异常偏多年份主要在20世纪90年代,但并未发生气候突变。周期分析表明,西藏雪深存在准6~7a振荡的显著周期。西藏雪深呈四周山地雪深大,中部腹地雪深小的空间格局,且受海拔影响有明显的陡坎效应,绝大部分地区雪深变化趋势倾向率在-0.08~0.08cm/a,百分比达到74.6%;逐像元回归分析表明,雪深呈增加趋势的像元数占全区像元总数的76.9%,有减少趋势的仅占23.1%。西藏雪深与气温、降水、风速和日照时数存在明显的统计和空间相关性,整体表现为雪深与气温、风速、日照时数呈负相关,而与降水呈正相关。多元回归分析表明,春秋季雪深模拟值与实测值的相关系数均达0.6以上,通过了0.01的显著性检验;夏冬季雪深回归模型的复相关系数只有0.4~0.5,且未通过0.05显著性检验。

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