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四川芦山地震次生地质灾害遥感调查及灾害特征初探

DOI: 10.6046/gtzyyg.2014.03.16, PP. 99-105

Keywords: 芦山地震,次生地质灾害,遥感调查,空间分布

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Abstract:

2013年4月20日,四川省雅安市芦山县境内发生MS7.0级地震。为充分发挥遥感技术在地震灾害应急决策、救援及震后恢复重建中的作用,利用地震前后的多源遥感数据,基于遥感图像人机交互解译和野外现场考察,研究了芦山地震次生地质灾害的特征及其空间分布。遥感调查结果表明,芦山地震引发了1678处次生地质灾害,覆盖地表面积约8.354km2,具有规模小且以崩塌、落石为主要灾害类型的特点。基于地震前的地形数据,研究了次生地质灾害的空间分布与高程、坡度的关系。对次生地质灾害分布特征的统计分析结果显示,95%的次生地质灾害分布在海拔750~1850m之间;82.5%的次生地质灾害分布在地形坡度15°~50°之间,但随着坡度的增加,次生地质灾害发生率显著升高。在空间分布上,芦山地震次生地质灾害呈现显著的线性排列:或沿NE向发震断裂线性排布,或沿山脊和河谷线性排列。研究结果为芦山地震应急决策、救援及震后恢复重建提供了重要依据。

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