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财贸经济  2014 

出口企业比非出口企业具有更高的环境友好度吗——基于微观企业数据的检验

, PP. 94-104

Keywords: 出口,排污费,倾向得分匹配,中国工业企业

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Abstract:

随着中国越来越深入地参与国际贸易,出口企业不得不采取措施以适应其他国家频繁变化的环境壁垒,这就要求出口企业具有更高的环境友好度。本文构建了一个简单的理论模型,将环境污染和技术选择纳入异质性企业贸易模型中,得出:相对于非出口企业,出口企业平均使用更多的清洁技术生产,排放较少的污染物。我们运用2004年工业企业微观数据,通过倾向得分匹配方法(PSM),考察了出口对企业排污强度的影响。结果表明,与非出口企业相比,出口企业的排污费要低28%左右,这也证实了理论模型中出口能改善企业环境质量的预测。将变量分所有制、分行业、分地区进行稳健性检验,结果均证明出口有助于企业改善自身排污水平。政策含义表明,政府应该完善企业环境政策,鼓励出口和非出口企业采取清洁生产制度,解决两类企业环境质量的差别;鼓励出口企业通过环境成本内在化,提升出口产品绿色价值,有效避免“绿色贸易壁垒”对出口产品的影响。

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