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财贸经济  2014 

政府各项转移收支对城镇居民收入再分配的影响

, PP. 36-50

Keywords: 财政收支,收入再分配,垂直公平,水平公平

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Abstract:

本文利用2002-2009年城镇住户调查数据,使用UL分解方法,对政府各项转移收支对收入再分配的影响进行了分析。结果显示,政府净转移收支改善了城镇居民逐渐增加的市场收入不平等,改善程度随时间逐渐增大。其中转移支付和税收都起到正向的调节作用,前者贡献相对更大,主要体现为对水平公平的改进;后者的作用则主要体现在垂直公平上。财政净转移收支在各地区内部的作用微弱,东部起主要作用的是税收政策,西部则是转移支付政策。在居民向政府的支出中,养老保险和医疗保险支出会扩大收入不平等,而缴纳所得税和住房公积金则会缩小不平等。在政府对居民的转移支付中,养老保险、社会救济和失业保险会缩小不平等,但后两者作用微弱,而公积金则有扩大不平等的效果。这些结论对于我国细化收入分配改革方案、推动税收政策改革、加快完善社会保障体系等都有较强的现实意义。

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