Delworth T L, Manabe S. The influence of potential evaporation on the variabilities of simulated soil wetness and climate[J]. J Climate, 1988, 1: 523-547. 2.0.CO;2 target="_blank">
[2]
Delworth T L, Manabe S. The influence of soil wetness on near-surface atmospheric variability[J]. J Climate, 1989, 2(12): 1447-1462. 2.0.CO;2 target="_blank">
Nicholson S. Land surface processes and Sahel climate[J]. Reviews of Geophysics, 2000, 38(1): 117-139.
[5]
Xue Y, Juang H M H, Li W P, et al. Role of land surface processes in monsoon development: East Asia and West Africa[J]. J Geophy Res, 2004, 109: D03105, doi: 10. 1029/ 2003JD003556.
[6]
Yasunari T. Role of land-atmosphere interaction on Asian monsoon climate[J]. J Meteor Soc Japan, 2007, 85B: 55-75.
[7]
Dickinson R E. Land-atmosphere interaction[J]. Review of Geophysics, 1995, 33: 917-922.
[8]
Oleson K W, Niu G Y, Yang Z L, et al. Improvements to the Community Land Model and their impact on the hydrological cycle[J]. J Geophys Res, 2008, 113: G01021, doi: 10. 1029/2007JG000563.
[9]
Christensen O B, Gaertner M A, Prego J A, et al. Internal variability of regional climate models[J]. Climate Dyn, 2001, 17: 875-887.
[10]
Wang Y, Leung L R, McGregor J L, et al. Regional climate modeling: Progress, challenges, and prospects[J]. J Meteor Soc Japan, 2004, 82(6): 1599-1628.
Skamarock W C, Klemp J B, Dudhia J, et al. A description of the advanced research WRF Version 3[C]. NCAR/TN 475+STR,NCAR TECHNICAL NOTE. Mesoscale and Microscale Meteorology Division National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, 2009.
[14]
Guha A, Choi M, Satti S R, et al. Validation of the Community Land Model (CLM) using data collected during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03) Eos Trans[C]. Fall Meet Suppl, AGU, 2003, 84(46).
[15]
Zeng X, Decker M. Improving the numerical solution of soil moisture-based Richards equation for land models with a deep or shallow water table[J]. J Hydrometeor, 2009, 10: 308-319.
[16]
Sakaguchi K, Zeng X. Effects of soil wetness, plant litter, and under-canopy atmospheric stability on ground evaporation in the Community Land Model (CLM3.5)[J]. J Geophys Res, 2009, 114: D01107, doi: 10. 1029/2008JD010834.
[17]
Lee T J, Pielke R A. Estimating the soil surface specific humidity[J]. J Appl Meteor, 1992, 31: 480-484. 2.0.CO;2 target="_blank">
[18]
Lawrence D M, Slater A G, Romanovsky V E, et al. Sensitivity of a model projection of near-surface permafrost degradation to soil column depth and representation of soil organic matter[J]. J Geophys Res, 2008, 113: F02011, doi: 10. 1029/2007JF000883.
[19]
Chou M D, Suarez M J. An effcient thermal infrared radiation parameterization for use in general circulation models[J]. NASA Tech Memo 104606, 1994, 3: 85.
[20]
Salathe E, Leung L Y R, Qian Y, et al. Regional climate model projections for the state of Washington[J]. Climatic Change, 2010, 102(1-2): 51-75, doi: 10. 1007/s10584-010-9849-y.
[21]
Thornton P E, Zimmermann N E. An improved canopy integration scheme for a land surface model with prognostic canopy structure[J]. J Climate, 2007, 20: 3902-3923.
[22]
Niu G Y, Yang Z L, Dickinson R E, et al. A simple TOPMODEL-based runoff parameterization (SIMTOP) for use in global climate models[J]. J Geophys Res, 2005, 110: D21106, doi: 10.1029/2005JD006111.
[23]
Niu G Y, Yang Z L. Effects of frozen soil on snowmelt runoff and soil water storage at a continental scale[J]. J Hydrometeor, 2006, 7: 937-952.
[24]
Niu G Y, Yang Z L, Dickinson R E, et al. Development of a simple groundwater model for use in climate models and evaluation with Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment data[J]. J Geophys Res, 2007, 112: D07103, doi: 10. 1029/2006JD 007522.
Giorgi F, Mearns L O. Introduction to special section: Regional climate modeling revisited[J]. J Geophys Res, 1999, 104: 6335-6352.
[29]
Houghton J T, Ding Y, Griggs D J, et al. IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). 2001. Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis[R]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge and New York: 881 (Chapter 10: Regional Climate Information-Evaluation and Projections, 538-638).
[30]
Leung L R, Mearns L O, Giorgi F, et al. Regional Climate Research: Needs and Opportunities[J]. Bull Amer Meteor Soc, 2003, 84(1): 89-95.
[31]
Liang X Z, Xu M, Zhu J, et al. Development of the Regional Climate-Weather Research and Forecasting (CWRF) Model: Surface Boundary Condition[R]. Scientific Report, 2005.
[32]
Giorgi F, Bates G T. The climatological skill of a regional model over complex terrain[J]. Mon Wea Rev, 1989, 117(11): 2325-2347. 2.0.CO;2 target="_blank">
[33]
Giorgi F, Bi X. A study of internal variability of a regional climate model[J]. J Geophys Res, 2000, 105: 29503-29521..
[34]
Solmon F, Mallet M, Elguindi N, et al. Dust aerosol impact on regional precipitation over western Africa, mechanisms and sensitivity to absorption properties[J]. Geophys Res Lett, 2008, 35(L24705), doi: 10. 1029/2008GL035900.
[35]
Michalakes J, Dudhia J, Gill D, et al. The weather research and forecast model: software architecture and performance[C]//Proceedings of the 11th ECMWF Workshop on the Use of High Performance Computing in Meteorology. World Scientific, 2004, 25: 29.
[36]
Liang X Z, Pan J, Kunkel K, et al. Coupling the CWRF with the CICE for Arctic climate applications[C]. Preprints of the 5th WRF/14th MM5 User′s Workshop, Boulder, Colorado, 2004, June 22-25: 215-220.
[37]
Liang X Z, Xu M, Zhu J, et al. Development of the regional climate-weather research and forecasting model(CWRF): Treatment of topography[C]. Proceedings of the 2005 WRF/MMS User′s Workshop, Boulder, Colorado, 2005: 27-30, 5.
[38]
McCoy R, Jin J, Wang S. Evaluation of a coupled WRF-CLM model over the Western United States[C]. the 11th WRF Users′ Workshop National Center for Atmospheric Research, 2010, June 21-25, 3B: Regional Climate.
[39]
Christensen J H, Machenhauer B, Jones R G, et al. Vailidation of present day regional climate simulations over Europe: LAM simulations with observed boundary conditions[J]. Climate Dyn, 1997, 13: 489-506.
