Bonan G B. The land surface climatology of the NCAR land surface model coupled to the NCAR Community Climate Model[J]. J Climate, 1998, 11:1307-1326. 2.0.CO;2 target="_blank">
Xue Wei, Hahmann A N, Dickinson R E, et al. Comparison of albedos computed by land surface models and evaluation against remotely sensed data[J]. J Geophys Res, 2001, 106(D18):687-702.
[12]
Kalnay E, Kanamitsu M, Kistler R, et al. The NCEP/NCAR 40-year reanalysis project[J]. Amer Meteor Soc, 1996, 77(3):437-471. 2.0.CO;2 target="_blank">
[13]
Berg A A, Famiglietti J S, Walker J P, et al. Impact of bias correction to reanalysis products on simulations of North American soil moisture and hydrological fluxes[J]. J Geophys Res, 2003,108(D16), 4490, doi:10.1029/2002JD003334.
[14]
Qian T T, Dai A G, Trenberth K E, et al. Simulation of global land surface conditions from 1948-2004. Part I:Forcing data and evaluation[J]. J Hydrometeor, 2006, 7(5):953-975.
[15]
Zhou L, Dickinson R E, Tian Y, et al. Comparison of seasonal and spatial variations of albedos from Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Common Land Model[J]. J Geophys Res, 2003, 108(D15):1-20.
[16]
Nijssen B, O'Donnell G M, Lettenmaier D P, et al. Predicting the discharge of global rivers[J]. J Climate, 2001, 14(15):3307-3323. 2.0.CO;2 target="_blank">
[17]
Baldocchi D, Falge E, Gu L, et al. FLUXNET:A new tool to study th e temporal and spatial variab ility of ecosystem scale carbon dioxide, water vapor, and energy flux den sities[J]. Bull Amer Meteor Soc, 2001, 82(11):2415-2434. 2.3.CO;2 target="_blank">
[18]
Maurer E P, Wood A W, Adam J C, et al. A long-term hydrologically based dataset of land surface fluxes and states for the conterminous United States[J]. J Climate, 2002, 15(22):3237-3251. 2.0.CO;2 target="_blank">
[19]
Koster R D, Suarez M J, Heiser M. Variance and predictability of precipitation at seasonal-to-interannual timescales[J]. J Hydrometeor, 2000, 1:26-46. 2.0.CO;2 target="_blank">
[20]
Yun Fan, Huug van den Dool. Climate Prediction Center global monthly soil moisture data set at 0.5 resolution for 1948 to present[J]. J Geophys Res, 2004, 109(D10), D10102, doi:10.1029/2003JD004345.
[21]
Chen M Y, Xie P P, Janowiak J E, et al. Global land precipitation:A 50-year monthly analysis based on gauge observations[J]. J Hydrometeor, 2002, 3(3):249-266. 2.0.CO;2 target="_blank">
[22]
Zhao Ming, Zeng Xinmin. A theoretical analysis on the local climate change induced by the change of landuse[J]. Adv Atmos Sci, 2002, 19(1):45-63.
[23]
Sheffield J, Ziegler A D, Wood E F, et al. Correction of the high-latitude rain day anomaly in the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis for land surface hydrological modeling[J]. J Climate, 2004, 17(19):3814-3828. 2.0.CO;2 target="_blank">
[24]
Ngo-Duc T, Polcher J, Laval K, et al. A 53-year forcing data set for land surface models[J]. J Geophys Res, 2005, 110(D6), D06116, doi:10.1029/2004JD005434.
[25]
Ma Zhuguo, Fu Congbin. Interannual characteristics of the surface hydrological variables over the arid and semi-arid areas of northern China[J]. Global and Planetary Change, 2003, 37:189-200.
New M, Hulme M, Jones P. Representing twentieth century space time climate variability. Part I:Development of a 1961 90 mean monthly terrestrial climatology[J]. J Climate, 1999, 12(3):829-856. 2.0.CO;2 target="_blank">
[28]
Zhong Qiang, Wu Aisheng. On the relationship between planetary and surface albedo:Model's comparison and validation[J]. Acta Meteor Sini, 1995, 9(4):402-411.
New M, Hulme M, Jones P. Representing twentieth century space-time climate variability. Part II:Development of 1901 96 monthly grids of terrestrial surface[J]. J Climate, 2000, 13(13):2217-2238. 2.0.CO;2 target="_blank">
[31]
Houser P R. Remote-sensing soil moisture using four-dimensional data assimilation[D]. Arizona:University of Arizona, 1996:1-391.
[32]
Zhang Q, Huang R H. Parameters of land-surface processes for Gobi in north-west China[J]. Bound-Layer Meteor, 2004, 110:471-478.
Houser P R, Shuttleworth W J, Famiglietti J S, et al. Integration of soil moisture remote sensing and hydrologic modeling using data assimilation[J]. Water Resources, 1998, 34(12):3405-3420.
Vickers D, Mahrt L. Quality control and flux sampling problems for tower and aircraft data[J]. J Atmos Oceanic Technol, 1997, 14:512-526. 2.0.CO;2 target="_blank">
Stamens K, Tsay S C, Warren W, et al. Numerically stable algorithm for discrete ordin ate method radiative transfer in multiple scattering and emitting layered media[J]. Appl Opt, 1998, 27(12):2502-2509.
Huang J P, Zhang W, Zuo J Q, et al. An overview of the semi-arid climate and environment research observatory over the Loess Plateau[J]. Adv Atmos Sci, 2008, 25(6):906-921.
[52]
Monteith J L. Principles of Environmental Physics[M]. London:Edward Arnold, 1973.
Oleson K W, Dai Y J, Bonan G, et al. Technical description of the Community Land Model (CLM)[Z]. NCAR/TN-461+STR. NCAR Technical Note, 2004.
[55]
Gu Song, Tang Yanhong, Cui Xiaoyong, et al. Energy exchange between the atmosphere and a meadow ecosystem on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau[J]. Agriculture and Forest Meteorology, 2005, 129:175-185.
Dickinson R E, Oleson K W, Bonan G, et al. The community land model and its climate statistics as a component of the community climate system model[J]. J Climate, 2006, 19(11):2302-2324.
Liu Huiqing, Huete A R. A feedback based modification of the NDVI to minimize canopy background and atmospheric noise[J]. IEEE Trans on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 1995, 33:457-465.
[62]
王正兴, 刘闯, Huete A R. 植被指数研究进展:从AVHRR-NDVI 到MODIS-EVI[J]. 生态学报, 2003, 23(5):979-987.
Niu Guoyue, Yang Zongliang. Effects of frozen soil on snowmelt runoff and soil water storage at a continental scale[J]. J Hydrometeor, 2006, 7(5):937-952.