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高原气象  2015 

一次南疆强沙尘暴沙尘向平流层上传的事实及模拟

DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2014.00103, PP. 991-1004

Keywords: 对流层-平流层物质交换(STE),沙尘气溶胶,青藏高原,数值模拟

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Abstract:

利用NCEP客观分析资料、卫星观测资料和中尺度化学模式(WRF-Chem),对2007年4月17日发生在青藏高原(下称高原)北侧塔克拉玛干沙漠地区的一次沙尘过程进行分析,研究了高原及附近地区沙尘气溶胶从地面向对流层上部和平流层下部传输的特征和机制,以及不同粒径沙尘粒子在传输中的差异。结果表明,沙尘粒子的垂直传输高度与背景水平风场的垂直分布特征密切相关,在没有云微物理过程参与的情况下,当高原上空出现深厚南北风交汇,形成穿透对流层顶的上升运动时,源于塔克拉玛干沙漠地区的沙尘气溶胶粒子,能到达高原上空,在辐合上升运动的作用下传输至下平流层,且具有明显的倾斜向上传输的特征。进一步分析表明,到达平流层下层的沙尘在空间上并不与地面沙尘源的位置相匹配。不同粒径的沙尘粒子的传输表现出不同的特征,粒径小的沙尘气溶胶粒子更容易在上升气流的作用下传至下平流层,而粒径>8.0μm的沙尘粒子则在重力沉降作用影响下无法传至下平流层。敏感性数值试验结果表明,降低高原地形会使得高原上空沙尘气溶胶粒子向南和向上的传输变弱。

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