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从人地关系的视角看“五帝时代”的历史真实性及其年代

DOI: 10.7605/gdlxb.2015.02.023, PP. 275-284

Keywords: 五帝时代,龙山时代中晚期,4.5~4.0,ka,BP气候事件,中原地区,人地关系

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Abstract:

“五帝时代”是中国史前社会演进的一个重要阶段,然而其历史真实性却一直被质疑,其具体年代也存在较大争议。作者从人地关系视角出发,对这一重大历史问题进行了初步的探讨。首先介绍了历史文献记录“五帝时代”和龙山中晚期考古证据所揭示出类似的“万邦”林立、相互竞争的政治景观及其社会含义,分析了“五帝时代”的可能年代,认为二者在地望、政治景观以及年代等方面都可能存在一致性。基于竞争和冲突与气候变化之间可能存在的成因联系,重建了“五帝时代”的气候背景,发现4.5~4.0kaBP阶段,即龙山中晚时期为一明显的降温期,且此降温阶段可以与世界其他地区古气候记录对比,进一步证明了该降温期的存在及其广域性分布特征。最后从人地关系的视角,论证了该降温阶段气候变化与“万邦”(酋邦社会)形成之间的成因联系,从一个侧面证明了“五帝时代”存在的历史真实性,同时进一步表明“五帝时代”的年代极有可能相当于龙山时代的中晚期,具体年代为4.5~4.0kaBP。

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