| [1] | 陈颙,陈凌. 2005. 分形几何学[M]. 北京:地震出版社,1-284.
|
| [2] | 龚一鸣,Droser M L. 2002. 早、中奥陶世之交陆架周期性缺氧:来自美国犹他州的遗迹沉积学证据[J]. 古地理学报,4(4):81-89.
|
| [3] | 龚一鸣,胡斌,卢宗盛,等. 2009. 中国遗迹化石研究80年[J]. 古生物学报,48(3):322-337.
|
| [4] | 韩玉英. 1997. 古生物功能形态分形几何:以菊石缝合线为例[J]. 地球科学,22(2):117-121.
|
| [5] | 杨式溥,张建平,杨美芳. 2004. 中国遗迹化石[M]. 北京:科学出版社,1-353,64图版.
|
| [6] | Angulo S,Buatois L A. 2012. Ichnology of a Late Devonian-Early Carboniferous low-energy seaway:The Bakken Formation of subsurface Saskatchewan,Canada:Assessing paleoenvironmental controls and biotic responses[J]. Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,315-316:46-60.
|
| [7] | Ausich W I,Bottjer D J. 1982. Tiering in suspension-feeding communities on soft substrata throughout the Phanerozoic[J]. Science,216:173-174.
|
| [8] | Baucon A. 2008. Italy,the cradle of ichnology:The legacy of Aldrovandi and Leonardo[J]. Studi Trentini di Scienze Naturali,Acta Geologica,83:15-29.
|
| [9] | Baucon A. 2010. Da Vincis Paleodictyon:The fractal beauty of traces[J]. Acta Geologica Polonica,60(1):3-17.
|
| [10] | Bednarz M,McIlroy D. 2009. Three-dimensional reconstruction of “Phycosiphoniform”burrows:Implications for identification of trace fossils in core[J]. Palaeontologia Electronica,12(3):13A:15.
|
| [11] | Bertling M,Braddy S J,Bromley R G, et al. 2006. Names for trace fossils:A uniform approach[J]. Lethaia,39:265-286.
|
| [12] | Bett B J,Rice A L,Thurston M H. 1995. A quantitative photographic survey of ‘spoke-burrow type lebensspuren on the Cape Verde abyssal plain[J]. Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie,80(2):153-170.
|
| [13] | Bourne D W,Heezen B C. 1965. A wandering enteropneust from the abyssal Pacific,and the distribution of “spiral”tracks on the sea floor[J]. Science,150:60-63.
|
| [14] | Bromley R G,Ekdale A A. 1986. Composite ichnofabrics and tiering of burrows[J]. Geological Magazine,123(1):59-65.
|
| [15] | Bromley R G,Hanken N M. 2003. Structure and function of large,lobed Zoophycos,Pliocene of Rhodes,Greece[J]. Palaeo-geography,Palaeo-climatology,Palaeoecology,192:79-100.
|
| [16] | Brongniart A T. 1823. Observations sur les Fucoides[J]. Société dHistorie Naturelle de Paris,Mémoire,1:301-320.
|
| [17] | Buatois L A,Mngano M G. 2011. Ichnology:Organism-substrate Interactions in Space and Time[M]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,1-358.
|
| [18] | Cadée G C,Goldring R. 2007. The Wadden Sea,cradle of invertebrate ichnology[A]. In:Miller W Ⅲ(ed). Trace Fossils:Concepts,Problems,Prospectives[C]. Amsterdam:Elsevier,3-13.
|
| [19] | Callow R H T,McIlroy D. 2011. Ichnofabrics and ichnofabric-forming trace fossils in Phanerozoic turbidites[J]. Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology,59(2):103-111.
|
| [20] | Callow R H T,McIlroy D,Kneller B, et al. 2013. Integrated ichnological and sedimentological analysis of a Late Cretaceous submarine channel-levee system:The Rosario Formation,Baja California,Mexico[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology,41:277-294.
|
| [21] | Chamberlain C K. 1971. Morphology and ethology of trace fossils from the Ouachita Mountains,Southeast Oklahoma[J]. Journal of Paleontology,45(2):212-246.
|
| [22] | Chamberlain C K. 1975. Trace fossils in DSDP cores of the Pacific[J]. Journal of Paleontology,49(6):1074-1096.
|
| [23] | Crimes T P,Fedonkin M A. 1994. Evolution and dispersal of deepsea traces[J]. Palaios,9:74-83.
|
| [24] | da Croix A D,Gingras M K,Dashtgard S E, et al. 2012. Computer modeling bioturbation:The creation of porous and permeable fluid-flow pathways[J]. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin,96(3):545-556.
|
| [25] | Cummings J P,Hodgson D M. 2011. Assessing controls on the distribution of ichnotaxa in submarine fan environments,the Basque Basin,Northern Spain[J]. Sedimentary Geology,239:162-187.
|
| [26] | Ekdale A A. 1980. Graphoglyptid burrows in modern deep-sea sediment[J]. Science,207:304-306.
|
| [27] | Ekdale A A. 1985. Paleoecology of the marine endobenthos[J]. Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,50:63-81.
|
| [28] | Ekdale A A. 1988. Pitfalls of paleobathymetric interpretations based on trace fossil assemblages[J]. Palaios,3:464-472.
|
| [29] | Ekdale A A,Bromley R G. 1983. Trace fossils and ichnofabric in the Kjlby Gaard Marl,uppermost Cretaceous,Denmark[J]. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark,31:107-119.
|
| [30] | Frey R W,Pemberton S G,Saunders T D A. 1990. Ichnofacies and bathymetry:A passive relationship[J]. Journal of Paleontology,64(1):155-158.
|
| [31] | Gaillard C. 1991. Recent organism traces and ichnofacies on the deep-sea floor off New Caledonia,Southwestern Pacific[J]. Palaios,6:302-315.
|
| [32] | de Gibert J M,Martinell J. 1998. Ichnofabric analysis of the Pliocene marine sediments of the Var Basin(Nice,SE France)[J]. Geobios,31(2):271-281.
|
| [33] | Gingras M K,MacMillan B,Balcom B J, et al. 2002. Using magnetic resonance imaging and petrographic techniques to understand the textural attributes and porosity distribution of Macaronichnus-burrowed sandstone[J]. Journal of Sedimentary Research,72(4):552-558.
|
| [34] | Gingras M K,Mendoza C A,Pemberton S G. 2004. Fossilized worm burrows influence the resource quality of porous media[J]. American Association of Petroleum Geo-logists Bulletin,88(7):875-883.
|
| [35] | Gingras M K,Pemberton S G,Mendoza C A, et al. 1999. Accessing the anisotropic permeability of Glossifungites surfaces[J]. Petroleum Geo-science,5:349-357.
|
| [36] | Glaub I,Golubic S,Gektidis M, et al. 2007. Microborings and microbial endoliths:Geological implications[A]. In:Miller W Ⅲ(ed). Trace Fossils:Concepts,Problems,Prospects[C]. Amsterdam: Elsevier,368-281.
|
| [37] | Gong Y M,Si Y L. 2002. Classification and evolution of metazoan traces at a topological level[J]. Lethaia,35:263-274.
|
| [38] | Gong Y M,Shi G R,Weldon E A, et al. 2008. Pyrite framboids interpret-ed as microbial colonies within the Permian Zoophycos spreiten from southeastern Australia[J]. Geological Magazine,145(1):95-103.
|
| [39] | Gong Y M,Xu R,Xie S C, et al. 2007. Microbial and molecular fossils from the Permian Zoophycos in South China[J]. Science in China Series D:Earth Sciences,50(8):1121-1127.
|
| [40] | Hntzschel W. 1975. Part W. Miscellanea,Supplement 1. Trace fossils and problematica. Second edition[A]. In:Teichert C(ed). Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology[C]. New York & Lawrence,Kansas:Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press,W1-W269.
|
| [41] | Heard T G,Pickering K T. 2008. Trace fossils as diagnostic indicators of deep-marine environments,Middle Eocene Ainsa-Jaca basin,Spanish Pyrenees[J]. Sedimentology,55:809-844.
|
| [42] | Hofmann H J. 1990. Computer simulation of trace fossils with random patterns,and the use of goniograms[J]. Ichnos,1:15-22.
|
| [43] | Honeycutt C E,Plotnick R E. 2005. Mathematical analysis of Paleodictyon: A graph theory approach[J]. Lethaia,38:345-350.
|
| [44] | Huckriede R. 1952. Eine spiralfrmige Lebensspur aus dem Kulmkieselschiefer von Biedenkopf an der Lahn(Spirodesmos archimedeus n. sp.)[J]. Palontologische Zeitschrift,26(3/4):175-180.
|
| [45] | Knaust D. 2009. Characterisation of a Campanian deep-sea fan system in the Norwegian Sea by means of ichnofabrics[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology,26:1199-1211.
|
| [46] | Kotake N. 1991. Non-selective surface deposit feeding by the Zoophycos producers[J]. Lethaia,24:379-385.
|
| [47] | Kotake N. 2014. Changes in lifestyle and habitat of Zoophycos-producing animals related to evolution of phytoplankton during the Late Mesozoic:Geological evidence for the‘benthic-pelagic coupling model[J]. Lethaia,47:165-175.
|
| [48] | Ksikiewicz M. 1977. Trace fossils in the flysch of the Polish Carpathians[J]. Palaeontologia Polonica,36:1-208,29 plates.
|
| [49] | Lehane J R,Ekdale A A. 2013. Fractal analysis of graphoglyptid trace fossils[J]. Palaios,28:23-32.
|
| [50] | Lwemark L. 2012. Ethological analysis of the trace fossil Zoophycos:Hints from the Arctic Ocean[J]. Lethaia,45:290-298.
|
| [51] | Lwemark L,Schfer P. 2003. Ethological implications from a detailed X-ray radiograph and14C study of the modern deep-sea Zoophycos[J]. Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,192:101-121.
|
| [52] | Lwemark L,Lin H L,Sarnthein M. 2006. Temporal variations of the trace fossil Zoophycos in a 425ka long sediment record from the South China Sea:Implications for the ethology of the Zoophycos producer[J]. Geological Magazine,143(1):105-114.
|
| [53] | Lwemark L,Werner F. 2001. Dating errors in high-resolution stratigraphy:A detailed X-ray radiograph and AMS-14C study of Zoophycos burrows[J]. Marine Geology,177:191-198.
|
| [54] | L wemark L,Schnfeld J,Werner F, et al. 2004. Trace fossils as a paleoceanographic tool:Evidence from Late Quaternary sediments of the southwestern Iberian margin[J]. Marine Geology,204:27-41.
|
| [55] | MacEachern J A,Pemberton S G,Gingras M K, et al. 2007. The ichno-facies paradigm:A fifty-year retrospective[A]. In:Miller W Ⅲ(ed). Trace Fossils:Concepts,Problems,Prospects[C]. Amsterdam:Elsevier,52-77.
|
| [56] | Mandelbrot B B. 1983. The Fractal Geometry of Nature[M]. New York:W. H. Freeman and Company,1-468.
|
| [57] | Mandelbrot B B. 1989. Fractal geometry:What is it,and what does it do？[J]. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A,423:3-16.
|
| [58] | Martinsson A. 1970. Toponomy of trace fossils[A]. In:Crimes T P,Harper J C(eds). Trace fossils[C]. Geological Journal Special Issue 3:323-330.
|
| [59] | Naruse H,Nifuku K. 2008. Three-dimensional morphology of the ichnofossil Phycosiphon incertum and its implication for paleoslope inclination[J]. Palaios,23:270-279.
|
| [60] | Nathorst A G. 1886. Nouvelles observations sur des traces d′animaux et autres phénomènes dorigine purement mécanique décrits comme “Algues fossiles”[J]. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar,21(14):1-58.
|
| [61] | Olivero D. 2003. Early Jurassic to Late Cretaceous evolution of Zoophycos in the French Subalpine Basin(southeastern France)[J]. Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,192:59-78.
|
| [62] | Olivero D,Gaillard C. 2007. A constructional model for Zoophycos[A]. In:Miller W Ⅲ(ed). Trace Fossils:Concepts,Problems,Prospectives[C]. Amsterdam:Elsevier,466-477.
|
| [63] | Osborn K J,Kuhnz L A,Priede I G, et al. 2012. Diversification of acorn worms(Hemichordata,Enteropneusta)revealed in the deep sea[J]. Proceedings of the Royal Society B,279:1646-1654.
|
| [64] | Osgood R G. 1975. The history of invertebrate ichnology[A]. In:Frey R W(ed). The Study of Trace Fossils[C]. New York:Springer-Verlag,3-12.
|
| [65] | Pemberton S G,MacEachern J A,Gingras,M K. 2007. The antecedents of invertebrate ichnology in North America:The Canadian and Cincinnati Schools[A]. In:Miller W Ⅲ(ed). Trace Fossils:Concepts,Problems,Prospectives[C]. Amsterdam:Elsevier,14-31.
|
| [66] | PliAcˇka M. 1968. Zoophycos,and a proposed classification of Sabellid worms[J]. Journal of Paleontology,42(3):836-849.
|
| [67] | Plotnick R E. 2003. Ecological and L-system based simulations of trace fossils[J]. Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,192:45-58.
|
| [68] | Plotnick R E. 2007. Chemoreception,odor landscape,and foraging in ancient marine landscapes[J]. Palaeontologia Electronica,10(1):1A:11.
|
| [69] | Prusinkiewicz P,Lindenmayer A. 1990. The Algorithmic Beauty of Plants[M]. New York:Springer-Verlag,1-228.
|
| [70] | Raup D M,Seilacher A. 1969. Fossil foraging behavior:Computer simulation[J]. Science,166:994-995.
|
| [71] | Rodríguez-Tovar F J,L wemark L,Pardo-Igúzquiza E. 2011. Zoophycos cyclicity during the last 425ka in the northeastern South China Sea:Evidence for monsoon fluctuation at the Milankovitch scale[J]. Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,305:256-263.
|
| [72] | Rona P A,Seilacher A,de Vargas C, et al. 2009. Paleodictyon nodosum: A living fossil on the deep-sea floor[J]. Deep-Sea Research Ⅱ,56:1700-1712.
|
| [73] | Savrda C E. 1993. Ichnosedimentologic evidence for a noncatastrophic origin of Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary sands in Alabama[J]. Geology,21(12):1075-1078.
|
| [74] | Seike K,Jenkins R G,Watanabe H, et al. 2012. Novel use of burrow casting as a research tool in deep-sea ecology[J]. Biology Letters,8:648-651.
|
| [75] | Seilacher A. 1953. Studien zur Palichnologie. Ⅰ. ber die Methoden der Palichnologie[J]. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Palontologie,Abhandlungen,96(3):421-452.
|
| [76] | Seilacher A. 1962. Paleontological studies on turbidite sedimentation and erosion[J]. The Journal of Geology,70(2):227-234.
|
| [77] | Seilacher A. 1964. Sedimentological classification and nomenclature of trace fossils[J]. Sedimentology,3:253-256.
|
| [78] | Seilacher A. 1967. Bathymetry of trace fossils[J]. Marine Geology,5:413-428.
|
| [79] | Seilacher A. 1974. Flysch trace fossils:Evolution of behavioural diversity in the deep-sea[J]. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Palontologie,Monatshefte:233-245.
|
| [80] | Seilacher A. 1977. Pattern analysis of Paleodictyon and related trace fossils[A]. In:Crimes T P,Harper J C(eds). Trace Fossils 2[C]. Geological Journal Special Issue 9: 289-334.
|
| [81] | Seilacher A. 1990. Aberrations in bivalve evolution related to photo- and chemosymbiosis[J]. Historical Biology,3:289-311.
|
| [82] | Seilacher A. 2007. Trace Fossil Analysis[M]. Heidelberg:Springer-Verlag,1-226.
|
| [83] | Simpson S. 1956. On the trace fossil Chondrites[J]. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society,112:475-499.
|
| [84] | Taylor A M,Goldring R. 1993. Description and analysis of bioturbation and ichnofabric[J]. Journal of the Geological Society,London,150:141-148.
|
| [85] | Taylor A M,Goldring R,Gowland S. 2003. Analysis and application of ichnofabrics[J]. Earth-Science Reviews,60:227-259.
|
| [86] | Twitchett R J. 1996. The resting trace of an acorn-worm(Class:Enteropneusta)from the Lower Triassic[J]. Journal of Paleontology,70(1):128-131.
|
| [87] | Uchman A. 1995. Taxonomy and palaeoethology of flysch trace fossils:The Marnoso-arenacea Formation and associated facies(Miocene,Northern Apennines,Italy)[J]. Beringeria,15:3-115,16 plates.
|
| [88] | Uchman A. 1998. Taxonomy and ethology of flysch trace fossils:Revision of the Marian Ksikiewicz collection and studies of complementary material[J]. Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae,68:105-218.
|
| [89] | Uchman A. 2001. Eocene flysch trace fossils from the Hecho Group of the Pyrenees,northern Spain[J]. Beringeria,28:3-41.
|
| [90] | Uchman A. 2003. Trends in diversity,frequency and complexity of grapho-glyptid trace fossils:Evolutionary and palaeo-environmental aspects[J]. Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,192:123-142.
|
| [91] | Uchman A. 2007. Deep-sea ichnology:Development of major concepts[A]. In:Miller W Ⅲ(ed). Trace Fossils:Concepts,Problems,Prospects[C]. Amsterdam:Elsevier,248-267.
|
| [92] | Uchman A. 2010. A new ichnogenus Skolichnus for Chondrites hoernesii Ettingshausen,1863,a deep-sea radial trace fossil from the Upper Cretaceous of the Polish Flysch Carpathians:Its taxonomy and palaeo-ecological interpretation as a deep-tier chemichnion[J]. Cretaceous Research,31:515-523.
|
| [93] | Uchman A,Wetzel A. 1999. An aberrant,helicoidal trace fossil Chondrites Sternberg[J]. Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,146:165-169.
|
| [94] | Walker R G. 1978. Deep-water sandstone facies and ancient submarine fans:Models for exploration for stratigraphic traps[J]. AAPG Bulletin,62(6):932-966.
|
| [95] | Wetzel A. 1983. Biogenic structures in modern slope to deep-sea sediments in the Sulu Sea Basin(Philippines)[J]. Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,42:285-304.
|
| [96] | Wetzel A. 2002. Modern Nereites in the South China Sea:Ecological association with redox conditions in the sediment[J]. Palaios,17:507-515.
|
| [97] | Wetzel A. 2010. Deep-sea ichnology:Observations in modern sediments to interpret fossil counterparts[J]. Acta Geologica Polonica,60(1):125-138.
|
| [98] | Wetzel A,Uchman A. 1998. Deep-sea benthic food content recorded by ichnofabrics:A conceptual model based on observations from Paleogene flysch,Carpathians,Poland[J]. Palaios,13:533-546.
|
| [99] | Wetzel A,Uchman A. 2001. Sequential colonization of muddy turbidites in the Eocene Belove a Formation,Carpathians,Poland[J]. Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,168:171-186.
|
| [100] | Wetzel A,Uchman,A. 2013. Cladichnus parallelum isp. nov.:A mid- to deep-tier feeding burrow system[J]. Ichnos,20:120-128.
|
