复合材料在新一代大型民用飞机中的应用
Application of composites in new generation of large civil aircraft

新一代大型民用飞机机体结构的突出特点是广泛采用复合材料。总结了复合材料在大型民用飞机中的发展, 其用量已经从1980年整机质量的4%上升到目前的50%, 并广泛应用于主承力结构和复杂曲面结构。以波音787和空客A350飞机为例, 分析了波音和空客公司复合材料的应用情况, 发现复合材料不仅减轻了飞机的结构质量, 提高了飞机结构的使用寿命, 降低了飞机的维护费用, 而且可以增加舱内压力和空气湿度, 提高民用飞机的经济性、 舒适性、 环保性。复合材料取代金属和非金属等常规材料制造结构件已经成为世界民机制造业的主流趋势, 这对中国自主研制的大型民用飞机的市场竞争力提出了严峻的考验, 为此提出了中国在研制大型民用飞机时应用复合材料应注意的一些问题。 Extensive application of composites is one of distinguished characteristics of the new generation of large civil aircraft. The development of composites in large civil aircraft was summarized. The quantity proportions of composites in aircraft reached from 4% (1980 s) to currently 50%, and composites were wildly used in primary structures and complex curved surface structures. Boeing 787 and Airbus A350 were taken as examples to illustrate the applications of composites in Boeing and Airbus companies. The usage of composites not only results in the reducing of structure quality, the improvement of the usage life of aircraft and the reducing of maintenance costs, but also benefits to the increase of the air pressure and humidity in cabin, which improves the economy, comfort, environmental-friendliness of civil aircraft. It has become a major trend in the world civil aircraft industry that composites will wildly instead of metal and non-metallic materials, and pose a challenge for self-developed large civil aircraft in China. Therefore, some suggestions about applying composites when developing large civil aircraft in China were proposed.