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全球变暖背景下珠江流域极端气温与降水事件时空变化的区域研究

DOI: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2014.08.0956, PP. 956-967

Keywords: 气候变化,极端气温与降水指数,多变量ENSO指数,趋势检验,区域显著性与一致性

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Abstract:

利用中国气象局最新编制的0.5°×0.5°逐日地面气温、降水网格数据,统计了16种极端气温与降水指数来定义极端气候事件,通过改进的MannKendall趋势检验方法对珠江流域极端气温与降水事件的时空变化特征进行了研究,并从区域的视角检验了变化趋势的显著性和一致性,最后通过偏MannKendall检验探讨了极端气温和降水事件变化与自然界大尺度气候振荡的潜在联系。研究发现①在过去半个多世纪里,珠江流域总体上呈现出极端高温事件增多,极端低温事件减少,短时间极端降水增多,长时间极端降水减少的趋势,珠江流域面临着高温干旱和暴雨洪涝的威胁;②极端气温事件的变化趋势具有区域尺度上的显著性和一致性,而极端降水事件在区域层面上的趋势则不明显,并且区域差异大;③反映了大尺度气候振荡的多变量ENSO指数年际变化对珠江流域极端气温与降水事件的变化趋势没有显著的影响,在一定程度上说明了极端气温与降水事件的变化趋势并不是自然界大尺度气候振荡导致的必然结果,而可能是与人类活动共同作用的结果。

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