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智利铁氧化物铜金型矿床成矿规律、控制因素与成矿演化

DOI: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2014.09.1011, PP. 1011-1024

Keywords: IOCG,岛弧反转,弧后盆地反转,叠加成矿序列,超大型铜矿床

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Abstract:

智利中生代铁氧化物铜金型(IOCG)矿床成矿带位于海岸科迪勒拉山带,与斑岩铜金和浅成低温热液型金银矿床共同组成了南美安第斯型活动大陆边缘上成矿系统组合。在成矿时代上,IOCG矿床成矿时代集中在175.6~141,140~100和99~66MaBP。IOCG矿床位于弧前盆地、主岛弧带和弧后盆地等五级构造单元中;而斑岩铜金和浅成低温热液型金银矿床位于主岛弧带和弧后盆地中,与IOCG矿床成矿带成对出现。综述了智利超大型IOCG矿床研究和勘查进展,认为智利IOCG矿床主要为富铁质岩浆的火山喷溢作用、岩浆热液—盆地流体混合成矿和岩浆热液成矿作用等3种端元类型。侏罗—白垩纪弧前盆地、主火山岛弧带和弧后盆地等五级构造单元是IOCG矿床定位构造,在晚白垩世发生构造反转后,在安第斯大陆边缘从伸展构造体制转变为走滑挤压收缩构造体制,同时形成了平行于岛弧带的阿卡塔玛(AFZ)断裂系统,AFZ断裂系统导致弧前盆地—主岛弧带—弧后盆地发生构造变形并伴有同构造期岩浆侵入,主岛弧带岩浆活动停滞,晚白垩世深成岩浆弧向东迁移,在岛弧带和弧后盆地反转过程中因岩浆—构造叠加程度不同,形成了IOCG矿床叠加成矿序列,同期,白垩纪斑岩型铜金矿床和浅成低温热液型金银矿床相伴形成。提出富铁基性—超基性岩、IOCG矿床和斑岩型铜金矿床等与弧后盆地构造变形的动力学机制是今后的研究方向。

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