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南海珊瑚礁:从全球变化到油气勘探—第三届地球系统科学大会专题评述

DOI: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2014.11.1287, PP. 1287-1293

Keywords: 全球变暖,珊瑚白化,海洋酸化,珊瑚礁工程,油气资源

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Abstract:

第三届地球系统科学大会设置了关于南海珊瑚礁的专题,系统讨论了南海珊瑚礁从响应、记录全球变化到岛礁工程建设和油气勘探等的研究进展。受全球气候变暖和人类活动加剧等因素的双重影响,南海珊瑚礁在过去50多年来退化幅度高达80%,不少区域现代活珊瑚的覆盖度<20%。珊瑚骨骼的地球化学指标清楚地揭示,自工业革命以来南海海水的污染程度增加、CO2驱动的海水pH值降低(变酸)等,这些环境问题对南海珊瑚礁构成了进一步的威胁。而日益增加的珊瑚礁区工程活动将不可避免地对珊瑚礁带来更大的环境压力,因此建议充分研究珊瑚礁区的工程地质特征,充分考虑珊瑚礁生态的脆弱性特点,进行岛礁工程的合理规划和布局,倡导“绿色工程”的理念。广布于南海的生物礁,其主要成礁时期为中新世以来,多种礁型储层及其良好的生储盖组合,决定了南海生物礁油气藏具有广阔的勘探前景,同时也具有多时间、空间尺度的环境记录功能。

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