全部 标题 作者
关键词 摘要

OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
费用:99美元

查看量下载量

相关文章

更多...

中美城市生态系统长期监测的内容和方法

DOI: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2014.05.0617, PP. 617-623

Keywords: 城市生态系统,长期生态监测,城市生态监测,美国城市生态站,北京城市生态站

Full-Text   Cite this paper   Add to My Lib

Abstract:

长期监测是研究生态系统演变规律的基本方法。针对自然和半自然生态系统的长期监测工作已经比较完善,但以人类活动为主的城市生态系统的研究和监测工作国内外都还处于探索阶段。针对城市生态系统长期监测的需要,在介绍美国巴尔的摩和凤凰城城市生态系统长期研究监测工作的基础上,结合北京城市生态系统研究站的长期监测工作实践,分析了城市生态系统的基本特点,提出了城市生态系统长期监测的3个目的(为研究长期演变、为探索人与自然相互作用和为城市居民提供数据)、5个原则(综合与重点相结合原则、综合性和前瞻性原则、与城市相关部门监测融合原则、面向科学研究原则和长期一致性原则)、4项内容(生态要素、生态格局、生态过程和生态系统功能)和4种方法(遥感监测、长期调查样地监测、定位观测站监测和社会经济调查监测),将为我国开展长期城市生态系统监测和研究工作提供重要科学方法指导。

References

[1]  Wang Xiaoke, Ouyang Zhiyun, Ren Yufen, et al. Advances in urban ecosystem long-term studies[J]. Advances in Earth Science, 2009, 24(8):928-935.[王效科,欧阳志云,任玉芬,等. 城市生态系统长期研究展望[J].地球科学进展, 2009, 24(8):928-935.]
[2]  Grimm N B, Redman C L, Boone C G, et al. Viewing the urban socio-ecological system through a sustainability lens: Lessons and prospects from the Central Arizona-Phoenix LTER programme[M]//Singh S,Haberl H,Chertow M, et al, eds. Long Term Socio-ecological Research: Studies in Society-Nature Interactions Across Spatial and Temporal Scales. Human-Environment Interaction Series, Volume 2. Netherlands: Springer,2013: 217-246.
[3]  Grove J M,Pickett S T A, Whitmer A, et al. Building an urban LTSER: The case of the Baltimore ecosystem study and the D.C. / B.C. ULTRA-Ex project[M]//Singh S J, Haberl H,Chertow M, et al, eds. Long Term Socio-ecological Research: Studies in Society-Nature Interactions Across Spatial and Temporal Scales.Netherlands: Springer-Verlag, 2012:369-408.
[4]  Nilon C H , Warren P S, Wolf J. Baltimore birdscape study: Identifying habitat and land cover variables for an urban bird monitoring project[J/OL]. Urban Habitats,2009, 6[2013-12-24].http://urbanhabitats.org/v06n01/baltimore_full.html.
[5]  Shields C A, Band L E, Law N, et al. Streamflow distribution of non-point source nitrogen export from urban-rural catchments in the Chesapeake Bay watershed[J]. Water Resources Research, 2008, 44:W09416,doi:10.1029/2007WR006360.
[6]  Belt K T, Hohn C, Gbakima A, et al. Identification of culturable stream water bacteria from urban, agricultural, and forested watersheds using 16S rRNA gene sequencing[J]. Journal of Water and Health, 2007,5(3):395-406.
[7]  Kim H J. Temperatures of Urban Streams: Impervious Surface Cover, Runoff, and the Importance of Spatial and Temporal Variations[M]. Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD:MS, University of Maryland, 2007.
[8]  Groffman P M, Boulware N J, Zipperer W C, et al. Soil nitrogen cycle processes in urban riparian zones[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2002, 36:4 547-4 552.
[9]  Sun C Y, Brazel A, Chow W T L, et al. Desert heat island study in winter by mobile transect and remote sensing techniques[J]. Theoretical & Applied Climatology, 2009, 98:323-335.
[10]  Myint S W, Okin G S. Modelling land-cover types using multiple endmember spectral mixture analysis in a desert city[J]. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 2009, 30(9):2 237-2 257.
[11]  Neil K, Wu J. Effects of urbanization on plant flowering phenology: A review[J]. Urban Ecosystems, 2006, 9:243-257.
[12]  Martin C A, Warren P S, Kinzig A P. Landscape vegetation in small urban parks and surrounding neighborhoods: Are socioeconomic characteristics a useful predictor of vegetation taxa richness and abundance?[J].HortScience, 2003, 38(5):733.
[13]  Lewis D B, Grimm N B. Hierarchical regulation of nitrogen export from urban catchments: Interactions of storms and landscapes[J]. Ecological Applications, 2007, 17(8):2 347- 2 364.
[14]  Cook W M, Faeth S H. Irrigation and land use drive ground arthropod community patterns in urban desert[J]. Environmental Entomology, 2006, 35:1 532-1 540.
[15]  Yabiku S, Casagrande D G, Farley-Metzger E. Preferences for landscape choice in a southwestern desert city[J]. Environment and Behavior, 2008, 40:382-400.
[16]  Qiu Jiangxiao, Wang Xiaoke. Object-oriented classification of urban land cover based on the images remote sensed[J]. Technology and Application of Remote Sensing, 2010,25(5):653-661.[仇江潇,王效科.基于高分辨率遥感影像的面向对象城市土地覆被分类比较研究[J].遥感技术与应用,2010,25(5):653-661.]
[17]  Zhao Juanjuan, Ouyang Zhiyun, Zheng Hua, et al. Stratified randomly sampling method for urban plant investigation[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2009, 28(7):1 430-1 436.[赵娟娟,欧阳志云,郑华,等. 城市植物分层随机抽样调查方案设计的方法探讨[J]. 生态学杂志, 2009, 28(7):1 430-1 436.]
[18]  Hou Peiqiang, Ren Yufen, Zhang Ye, et al. The temporal and spatial variations of water quality in a trans-urban river in Beijing, China[J]. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 2012, 22(2):561-572.

Full-Text

Contact Us

service@oalib.com

QQ:3279437679

WhatsApp +8615387084133