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海洋浮游生态系统中小型浮游动物的生态功能

DOI: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2009.11.1195, PP. 1195-1201

Keywords: 小型浮游动物,浮游生态系统,海洋

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Abstract:

小型浮游动物在海洋生态系统中的作用,主要指有多少能量通过小型浮游动物传递到桡足类,从而比较沿“浮游植物→中型浮游动物”和“浮游植物+细菌→小型浮游动物→中型浮游动物”两条食物链到达中型浮游动物的能流大小。为达到这个目的,需要研究各个能流路径的传递效率,即能量在各个营养级(初级生产——小型浮游动物,细菌生产——小型浮游动物,小型浮游动物的生长率,小型浮游动物——中型浮游动物)的传递效率。综述了国内外对上述营养级传递效率的研究现状,以期为我国的同类研究提供参考。浮游植物初级生产力被小型浮游动物摄食的比例平均为每天60%~75%,大大高于桡足类对浮游植物初级生产力的摄食压力每天10%。海洋浮游细菌的二次生产力相当于初级生产力的30%。其中80%~180%被小型浮游动物摄食。小型浮游动物的毛生长率为30%~40%,生产力是初级生产力的21%~34%。在西班牙西北部沿海,桡足类每天摄食2%~51%小型浮游动物生产力。因此,桡足类通过微食物网摄食的能量是初级生产力的0.4%~17%,与桡足类摄食初级生产的10%处于同一量级。不考虑碎屑提供的能流,小型浮游动物对桡足类饵料的贡献为20%以上,甚至可高达50%。

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