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冰核对云物理属性和降水影响的研究

DOI: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2015.03.0323, PP. 323-333

Keywords: 冰核,云物理属性,降水量,降水强度

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Abstract:

系统回顾了冰核对云和降水影响的研究进展,详细分析了冰核对云的宏微观特征、对流系统结构和强度、辐射、雷电、降水量和降水强度的影响途径,并从云微物理过程的角度解释了其影响机制。得到如下结论①通常情况下,冰核浓度增加,冰晶浓度增大,云滴浓度减小,云的生命史延长;②对于发展阶段的对流云,冰核在温度较高的过冷区活化使潜热在中低层提早释放,增加了对流系统中层不稳定能量,促进了对流系统的发展;③卷云中冰核浓度的增加,改变了冰相水物质与液相水物质的比例;削弱或抑制了卷云中同质核化,增大了卷云中冰晶粒子的平均半径;④冰核浓度的增加,能够使到达地气系统的净辐射增加;⑤冰核浓度的变化能够引起雷电活动发生频次和强度的变化;⑥冰核浓度增加,引起降水量的变化不确定,即降水量增加、减少或者变化不显著的情况都可能存在。这些结果为改进数值模式中冰核活化参数化方法提供指导,从而提高数值模式对云和降水的预报能力;同时为人工影响天气选择合适的人工催化剂和撒播时机提供参考。

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