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无人飞机在台风探测中的应用进展

DOI: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2015.02.0276, PP. 276-283

Keywords: 无人飞机,台风,结构,探测

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Abstract:

与有人飞机的台风探测不同,无人飞机(也称无人机)因其相对低的成本且无人员伤亡风险等优势,自1997年一款名为“气象侦察兵(Aerosonde)”投入台风探测试验以来,受到国际社会的广泛关注。随着无人机技术[JP2]的迅猛发展,无人机的飞行高度、有效荷载和续航能力等性能不断提高,更多的台风特种观测仪器被搭载,特别是2010年NASA使用高空长航时无人机“全球鹰(GlobalHawk)”对大西洋5个飓风的飞行探测取得成功后,基于无人机平台建立高空下投探空和近地/水面飞行观测相结合的台风精细结构探测体系渐成趋势。目前我国尚未建立飞机探测台风的业务,严重制约了我国台风定位定强和台风数值预报精度的进一步提高。鉴于此,简要概述了境内外无人机在台风探测中的实践和发展趋势,旨在推进我国无人机探测台风的实践及其业务化体系的建设。

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