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汉江上游晏家棚段全新世古洪水研究*

DOI: 10.1167/j.issn.1001-8166.2015.04.0487, PP. 487-494

Keywords: HEC-RAS模型,汉江上游,全新世,古洪水,水文学

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Abstract:

通过对汉江上游详尽的野外考察,在湖北郧县晏家棚河段全新世黄土—古土壤地层中发现3层典型古洪水滞流沉积物。在沉积学的基础上,使用OSL技术断代,确定3期特大洪水事件分别在1000~900aBP,1800~1600aBP和3200~2800aBP期间发生。采用“古洪水SWD尖灭点高程法”确定这3期古洪水事件的洪峰水位介于176.20~176.73m。运用ArcGIS耦合HEC-RAS水力模型,推求这3期古洪水事件的洪峰流量介于53770~55950m3/s,并从多种角度验证了该模型计算结果的科学性和合理性。将此结果与实测洪水和历史洪水资料接续,构成万年尺度洪水水文数据序列,得到汉江上游晏家棚河段万年一遇和千年一遇洪水的流量分别为59100和45200m3/s。采用HEC-RAS模型对研究河段进行古洪水模拟,方法科学,结果可靠。将该河段洪水水文数据序列有效地延长到万年尺度,极大地提高了设计洪水的可靠性。

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