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地理科学  2014 

无锡市土壤重金属富集的梯度效应与来源差异

, PP. 496-504

Keywords: 重金属富集,梯度效应,来源,无锡市

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Abstract:

人类活动引起的土壤重金属富集已经成为区域主要的环境风险。通过对无锡市主城区表层土壤大面积的采样(1957个),运用空间分析和多元统计工具,对无锡市土壤重金属富集的空间特征及其来源进行分析,结果表明①无锡市土壤As、Cu、Hg、Pb和Zn空间变异受人类活动的影响明显,均超出当地的土壤背景值,而Hg已经超过国家土壤环境健康二级标准阈值,成为无锡市最主要的土壤重金属污染因子;②研究区土壤重金属含量随着建设用地距离的增加,呈逐渐下降的趋势,表现出明显的距离梯度特征;③基于不同梯度表现,将无锡土壤重金属分为2种典型距离梯度区间1(0~10km)和区间2(10~16km),区间1土壤重金属富集主要受人类活动的影响明显,而区间2受自然和人为双重因素的影响;④土壤自然特性(CEC、pH和P)与土壤重金属含量(Co、Cu、Fe和Zn)的富集存在显著的正相关关系;⑤无锡市人类活动对于土壤重金属富集的影响范围在10km左右,本研究的现实意义在于为重金属污染土壤分区治理提供帮助,即对于0~10km区域内的土壤可以通过以提高土地利用效率、降低废弃物排放等为主的工程措施来解决;而在10~16km区间则采用以超富集植物修复等为主的生态措施来解决。

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