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地理科学 2014

行为同伴选择的社会文化效应研究——中国北京与荷兰乌特勒支的比较

, PP. 946-954

赵莹,柴彦威,MartinDijst

Keywords: 同伴,活动-移动行为,文化差异,个人主义,集体主义

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Abstract:

从活动-移动行为的角度，基于中国北京和荷兰乌特勒支在2007年进行的活动日志调查，通过研究居民非工作活动的同伴选择机制，分析东西方文化价值观的差异而引起的行为方式差异。研究表明，北京居民倾向与家庭成员一起活动，而乌特勒支居民倾向单独或与朋友一起，一定程度表明中国社会倾向集体主义的价值观，而荷兰社会则偏向个人主义。此外，性别和年龄仅对北京居民有显著影响，女性进行较多的联合活动，年长者更倾向选择朋友作为同伴；家庭结构对两城市居民影响均显著，结婚和生子等生命事件会促进居民产生核心家庭成员陪伴的活动；以休闲为目的活动更多的是联合活动。此外，收入、驾照拥有、私家车拥有、居住空间密度等变量也对同伴选择具有一定影响。最后对从行为角度的文化差异分析的未来以及对中荷社会发展的指导意义进行了讨论，提出社会现代化进程中，个人主义可能是追求公平与效率的潜在趋势，但中国社会的良性发展应当充分考虑到儒家思想的传承以及中国人喜爱热闹、需要集体归属感的民族性格，这是建立“和谐社会”的重要方面。同时，从活动-移动行为所表现的社会文化效应分析看，城市规划与管理者需要提供较为完善的公共休闲空间及提供个性化的交往空间与平台。

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