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地理科学  2001 

北半球冬季纬向平均环流的结构及对我国气候的影响

, PP. 108-112

Keywords: 西风环流,结构,中国,气候

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Abstract:

冬季对流层纬圈平均纬向风(u)最主要的模态表现为两个相反符号的极值中心,一个在30°~35°N之间,另一个则在55°N。与此相联系的纬圈平均高度场最突出的模态也是有两个相反符号的中心,一个在40°N附近,另外一个则在65°N附近。因此40°N和65°N纬圈平均位势高度的差可以很好定义西风指数。西风环流的强弱不仅对北半球的气候有显著影响,对我国冬季的气温和降水也有显著关系。在高指数环流盛行的年份,我国普遍气温偏高。160个站平均气温与西风指数的相关系数达到0.63。同时华北及以南降水增加,其中黄土高原、关中平原及以东地区相关最显著。160站平均降水量与西风指数的相关达0.38。高指数年份里,西伯利亚高压和东亚大槽都减弱,低指数年份则增强,因此影响我国冬季气候。

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