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地理科学  2011 

中国天山西部季节性森林积雪雪层温度时空分布特征

, PP. 1541-1548

Keywords: 林下积雪,开阔地,雪层温度,温度振幅,温度梯度

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Abstract:

利用2009年12月27日~2010年4月2日天山积雪站站区内开阔地和雪岭云杉(Piceaschrenkiana)林下6次降雪过程后雪层内时间间隔10min的温度数据,探讨雪层温度变化特征。结果表明,越接近地表雪层温度越高,且在雪层表面形成冷中心和(局部)暖中心;在积雪稳定期林下雪层温度高于开阔地,融雪期林下低于开阔地;林下雪层冷、暖中心出现时间晚于开阔地,其强度也小于开阔地。林下雪层温度振幅小于开阔地,林下温度振幅拐点以上雪层温度振幅随深度和时间的递减率小于开阔地,拐点以下无明显差异。初冬,林下和开阔地雪层均为较小的正温度梯度,随着气温急剧下降,温度梯度逐渐增大,且从雪表向雪底递减,林下雪层负温度梯度出现时间晚于开阔地。开阔地和林下积雪表层正温度梯度最大值分别达到0.95℃/cm和0.82℃/cm,负温度梯度大值分别达到-0.84℃/cm和-0.35℃/cm;但开阔地全雪层日平均温度梯度小于林下雪层。

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