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OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
费用：99美元
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北京地区农田氮素养分随地表径流流失机理
DOI: 10.11821/xb200301018, PP. 147-154
Keywords: 模拟降雨,地表径流,侵蚀泥沙,溶解态氮,颗粒态氮,团聚体,富集系数
Abstract:
田间模拟降雨径流试验研究了北京地区农田暴雨径流氮素流失与雨强、作物覆盖、施肥因子的关系，以及侵蚀泥沙的粒径分布特征和对氮的富集作用。结果表明(1)降雨强度越大，地表径流模数和侵蚀模数增大，氮素流失越多；作物覆盖有效地减少地表水土和颗粒态氮流失；(2)颗粒态氮浓度占径流全氮浓度的88.9%(施尿素)和98%以上(未施氮肥)，是农田径流氮损失的主要形态；(3)施用化学氮肥增大了农田径流溶解态氮浓度，化学氮肥容易通过地表径流流失；(4)侵蚀泥沙的团聚体组成和原来土壤有很大差异，粒径<0.25mm的团聚体，尤其是含氮量较高的<0.045mm团聚体的富集是侵蚀泥沙富集氮的主要原因。减少地表径流和土壤侵蚀，降低表土速效氮含量是减少农田地表径流氮养分流失的关键。
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