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OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
费用：99美元
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近50年中国蒸发皿蒸发量变化趋势及原因
DOI: 10.11821/xb200903001, PP. 259-269
Keywords: 中国,蒸发皿蒸发量,气温日较差,平均风速,Mann-Kendall,趋势检验
Abstract:
采用Mann-Kendall趋势检验方法、完全相关系数法及多元线性回归模型分析了中国全域及其各气候区近50年的蒸发皿蒸发量变化趋势及原因。结果表明，中国蒸发皿蒸发量存在减少趋势，区域平均减少速率为17.2mm/10a；其中湿润区减少速率最大，为29.7mm/10a；半干旱半湿润区次之，为17.6mm/10a；干旱区最小，为5.5mm/10a。四季中，夏季减少速率最大，全国平均减少速率为16.2mm/10a，其次为春季，为9.7mm/10a，秋冬两季减少速率较小。中国蒸发皿蒸发量存在显著减少趋势的地区主要分布在湿润区的长江中下游地区、华南地区和云贵两省，半干旱半湿润区的黄淮海地区、山东半岛和藏东地区，以及干旱区的新疆、甘肃中部和青海省等。完全相关系数法分析表明，气温日较差和平均风速的减小与蒸发皿蒸发量的减少具有最显著的相关性，是蒸发皿蒸发量减少的影响因子。气温日较差的减小主要由云量和人类活动所引起的气溶胶及其他污染物的增加引起，这导致到达地面的太阳辐射强度减弱；而平均风速的减小则主要与全球变暖背景下亚洲冬季风和夏季风减弱导致我国平均风速的减小有关。
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