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OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
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乌兰布和沙漠腹地古湖存在的沙嘴证据及环境意义
DOI: 10.11821/xb200903009, PP. 339-348
Keywords: 乌兰布和沙漠,沙嘴,环境变化
Abstract:
通过大范围的系统野外考察发现，在乌兰布和沙漠腹地存在众多干盐湖，其周围存在不同高度的湖岸堤。其中，贺日木西尼沙嘴最为典型。该沙嘴呈NW-SE走向，海拔高度从1052m下降至1035m，长达11km，是古湖泊发育和存在的重要证据和标志。通过对湖滨沉积物的OSL年代测定，该沙嘴形成于全新世的8.6-7kaBP阶段，与中国西部许多沙漠出现的相对湿润环境状况相一致。其主要由强劲的风力作用和吉兰泰古湖沿岸流以及丰富的松散物质传输堆积而成。依据该沙嘴的海拔高程和形成年代来推测，在乌兰布和沙漠腹地曾经发育面积巨大的古湖，其范围西到吉兰泰盆地，东延河套盆地西部，形成早全新世的吉兰泰古湖。之后，受区域构造运动和干旱气候的影响，古湖水位下降，水域面积缩小，古大湖解体，导致该沙漠腹地的古湖部分水体逐渐向西退缩，形成了吉兰泰盐湖。在古湖退缩过程中，乌兰布和沙漠腹地残留众多湖泊，随着气候干旱化和蒸发作用的加剧，这些湖泊逐渐演变成盐湖。在强劲的风力驱动下，古湖周围的松散物质被侵蚀、搬运、扩散、堆积成现在的乌兰布和沙漠。
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