OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
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近60年黄河水沙变化过程及其对三角洲的影响
DOI: 10.11821/xb200911007, PP. 1353-1362
Keywords: 黄河,水沙,人类活动,三角
Abstract:
为了了解黄河水沙变化过程及其对三角洲的影响,本文运用统计学方法对利津站1950-2007年的水沙数据以及流域人类活动引起的减水减沙数据进行了分析,结果表明1950-2007年黄河入海水沙量明显减少,且年际波动比较剧烈。人类活动的影响是入海水沙量减少的主要原因。1950-2005年,水土保持年均减水减沙量分别为20.2亿m3和3.41亿t;工农业年均引水引沙量分别为251.64亿m3和2.42亿t;干流库区拦沙量,三门峡水库1960-2007年年均淤积1.45亿m3,小浪底水库1997-2007年年均淤积2.398亿m3。相比于花园口站的水沙量,下游河道以淤积为主,入海水沙量减少;以冲刷为主,入海水沙量增加。当不同时期入海总水沙量比为0.0257t/m3左右时,河口附近岸线延伸,三角洲面积增加。但近来年入海水沙量的急剧减少,特别是黄河口清8出汊以后,整个黄河三角洲由淤积转变为侵蚀,冲淤状态发生逆转的时间约在1997年。
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