OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
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中国粮食生产的综合影响因素分析
DOI: 10.11821/xb201004002, PP. 397-406
Keywords: 气候变化,水可用量,粮食生产,综合评估,中国
Abstract:
采用模型模拟的方式,根据中国社会发展规划,将未来社会经济发展情景与区域气候模型、水资源模型和作物模型相连接,综合评估和分析未来中国的粮食生产状况,以期为宏观决策提供科学参考。结果表明,①气候变化将影响未来三大作物单产,如果不考虑CO2肥效作用,未来雨养作物单产将受到更大冲击;当灌溉条件保障后,水稻受到冲击更大,单产降低最多,尤其是A2情景。如果考虑CO2肥效作用,未来玉米平均单产变化不大,小麦单产明显增加,尤其是雨养小麦,水稻单产也有所增加。②未来气候变化、水资源、社会经济发展将影响中国三大作物的需水量和农业供水量,导致水稻、灌溉玉米和小麦的播种面积下降,而雨养小麦和玉米的播种面积上升。③未来气候变化、CO2肥效、水资源和土地利用变化对粮食生产的影响较为复杂,依情景和时段的不同而不同。农业可用水资源对粮食总产的影响最不利,致使三大作物粮食总产量明显降低,成为未来粮食生产的主要限制因素,尤其是水稻生产;土地利用对总产的负面影响最小;气候变化和CO2的相互作用可使总量少许增加。未来各情景下水稻受到冲击最大,而小麦和玉米则表现为不同程度的增产。
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