OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
费用:99美元
|
|
|
中国食物供给能力分析
DOI: 10.11821/xb201010008, PP. 1229-1240
Keywords: 中国,食物安全,食物供给,食物营养,平衡模型
Abstract:
从中国各类型生态系统(农田、草地、水域)的实际的食物生产能力出发,结合进出口产品中的食物部分,得出全国实际的食物供给能力,根据食物营养成分表中的转化率,将各类食物折算成人类生存所需的3大营养成分(热量、蛋白质、脂肪)的产量来表示,并利用ArcGIS进行草地和农田食物供给的空间分析。以2004年为例,中国实际食物供给能力为热量1.601×1015kcal,蛋白质6.163×107t,脂肪2.717×107t。其中,中国内陆生态系统实际可供给热量1.454×1015kcal,蛋白质4.996×107t,脂肪2.074×107t,分别达到了陆地生态系统生产潜力的32.46%、38.33%和41.12%,内陆生态系统食物供给还有较大的增长余地。在小康水平下,中国的食物热量、蛋白质、脂肪分别可以供养人口19.12亿,20.84亿和11.03亿人,按照2010年营养目标和2020年全面小康目标,热量和蛋白质的供给已经较为充足,而脂肪的供给有所不足,今后需要注重油脂作物的种植和生产。结果还表明中国的食物供给能力中,农田占据了绝大部分,不过比例有下降的趋势,从1998年的84.66%,下降到2004年的74.72%;草地和水域生态系统所提供的食物所占比例分别为4.83%~5.80%、6.02%~7.51%,波动较小;净进口食物所占比例逐年增长,1998年仅为4.04%,2004年增加到13.82%。通过平衡模型计算,在温饱、小康、富裕水平下,2004年中国可以供养的人口分别为15.34亿,15.00亿和14.11亿,这表明,如果能够优化种植结构,合理配置植物性食物向动物性食物转化比例,均衡营养消费结构,中国实际食物供给较为充足。
References
[1] | RosegrantMW,ClineSA.Globalfoodsecurity:challengesandpolicies.Science,2003,302(5652):1917.
|
[2] | BattistiD.Historicalwarningsoffuturefoodinsecuritywithunprecedentedseasonalheat.Science,2009,323(5911):240.
|
[3] | SalihMAM.Governanceoffoodsecurityinthe21stcentury//HansGB,úrsulaOS,JohnG.FacingGlobalEnvironmentalChange.NewYork:Springer-Verlag,2009:501-507.
|
[4] | MunnsR.Editorial:Foodsecurity,climatechangeandbiofuels:Integrativeplantbiologyisnowinthespotlight.FunctionalPlantBiology,2008,35(8):iii.
|
[5] | FAO.TheStateofFoodInsecurityintheWorld2009.Rome,2009.
|
[6] | XuShiwei.ThestudyonthefooddevelopmentandregionalcomparisoninChina
|
[7] | RenJizhou,LinHuilong,HouXiangyang.Developingtheagro-grasslandsystemtoinsurefoodsecurityofChina.ScientiaAgriculturaSinica,2007,40(3):614-621.
|
[8] | [任继周,林惠龙,侯向阳.发展草地农业确保中国食物安全.中国农业科学,2007,40(3):614-621.]
|
[9] | LinYifu.ThepastandthefutureofChina'sgrainprovisionability.StrategyandManagement,1998,(4):82-90.
|
[10] | LiuYansui,WuChuanjun.Situationofland-waterresourcesandanalysisofsustainablefoodsecurityinChina.JournalofNaturalResources,2005,17(3):270-275.
|
[11] | [刘彦随,吴传钧.中国水土资源态势与可持续食物安全.自然资源学报,2005,17(3):270-275.]
|
[12] | [马强.中国粮食综合生产能力与粮食安全问题研究.农业经济,2006,(8):3-5.]
|
[13] | TaoFulu,YokozawaM,ZhangZhaoetal.RemotesensingofcropproductioninChinabyproductionefficiencymodels:Modelscomparisons,estimatesanduncertainties.EcologicalModelling,2005,183(4):385-396.
|
[14] | XiongWei,LinErda,JuHuietal.ClimatechangeandcriticalthresholdsinChina'sfoodsecurity.ClimaticChange,2007,81(2):205-221.
|
[15] | YeLiming,RanstEV.Productionscenariosandtheeffectofsoildegradationonlong-termfoodsecurityinChina.GlobalEnvironmentalChange,2009,19:464-481.
|
[16] | BiJiye,ZhuDaolin,WangXiufenetal.GISbasedstudyongrainproductivityandresourcesutilizationefficiencyatcountylevelinChina.TransactionsoftheCSAE,2008,24(1):94-100.
|
[17] | [毕继业,朱道林,王秀芬等.基于GIS的县域粮食生产资源利用效率评价.农业工程学报,2008,24(1):94-100.]
|
[18] | CaiYunlong,FuZeqiang,DaiErfu.Theminimumareapercapitaofcultivatedlandanditsimplicationfortheoptimizationoflandresourceallocation.ActaGeographicaSinica,2002,57(2):127-134.
|
[19] | [蔡运龙,傅泽强,戴尔阜.区域最小人均耕地面积与耕地资源调控.地理学报,2002,57(2):127-134.]
|
[20] | FengZhiming,YangYanzhao,ZhangJing.ThelandcarryingcapacityofChinabasedonman-grainrelationship.JournalofNaturalResources,2008,23(5):865-875.
|
[21] | [封志明,杨艳昭,张晶.中国基于人粮关系的土地资源承载力研究:从分县到全国.自然资源学报,2008,23(5):865-875.]
|
[22] | YinPeihong,FangXiuqi.AssessmentonvulnerableregionsoffoodsecurityinChina.ActaGeographicaSinica,2008,63(10):1064-1072.
|
[23] | LvXinye.ThestudyonfoodsecurityandearlywarningsysteminChina
|
[24] | [D].Beijing:ChineseAcademyofAgriculturalSciences,2006.
|
[25] | [吕新业.我国食物安全及预警研究
|
[26] | [D].北京:中国农业科学院,2006.]
|
[27] | StateCouncil.OutlineforthedevelopmentoffoodandnutritioninChina(2001-2010).ActaNutrimentaSinica,2002,24(4):337-341.
|
[28] | [国务院.中国食物与营养发展纲要(2001-2010年).营养学报,2002,24(4):337-341.]
|
[29] | YueTiangxiang,WangQing,LuYiminetal.ChangetrendsoffoodprovisionsinChina.GlobalandPlanetaryChange,2010(inPress).
|
[30] | FengZhiming,ChenBaiming.DietarylevelsoffuturepopulationinChina.BulletinoftheChineseAcademyofSciences,1992,(3):21-26.
|
[31] | [封志明,陈百明.中国未来人口的膳食营养水平.中国科学院院刊,1992,(3):21-26.
|
[32] | CaoMingkui,MaShijun,HanChunru.Potentialproductivityandhumancarryingcapacityofanagro-ecosystem:AnanalysisoffoodproductionpotentialofChina.AgriculturalSystems,1995,47:387-414.
|
[33] | ChenBaiming.ComprehensiveProductiveCapacityandPopulation-carryingCapacityofAgriculturalResourcesinChina
|
[34] | [D].Beijing:ChinaMeteorologicalPress,2001.
|
[35] | [陈百明.中国农业资源综合生产能力与人口承载能力
|
[36] | [D].北京:气象出版社,2001.]
|
[37] | FanJiangwen,ZhongHuaping,HarrisWetal.CarbonstorageinthegrasslandsofChinabasedonfieldmeasurementsofabove-andbelow-groundbiomass.ClimaticChange,2008,86(3):375-396.
|
[38] | XinXiaoping,ZhangBaohui,LiGangetal.VariationinspatialpatternofgrasslandbiomassinChinafrom1982to2003.JournalofNaturalResources,2009,24(9):1582-1592.
|
[39] | [辛晓平,张保辉,李刚等.1982-2003年中国草地生物量时空格局变化研究.自然资源学报,2009,24(9):1582-1592.]
|
[40] | LuBu,ChenYinjun,WuKaietal.Analysisandforecastforthepotentialityofgrainunityieldinthemiddle-longterminChina.ChineseJournalofAgriculturalResourcesandRegionalPlanning,2005,26(2):1-5.
|
[41] | [卢布,陈印军,吴凯等.我国中长期粮食单产潜力的分析预测.中国农业资源与区划,2005,26(2):1-5.]
|
[42] | SandinP.Theprecautionaryprincipleandfoodsafety.JournalfürVerbraucherschutzundLebensmittelsicherheit,2006,1(1):2-4.
|
[43] | MacerDarrylRJ,BhardwajMinakshi,MaekawaFumietal.Ethicalopportunitiesinglobalagriculture,fisheries,andforestry:TheroleforFAO.JournalofAgriculturalandEnvironmentalEthics,2003,16(5):479-504.
|
[44] | FunkChrisC,BrownMollyE.Decliningglobalpercapitaagriculturalproductionandwarmingoceansthreatenfoodsecurity.FoodSecurity,2009,1(3):271-289.
|
[45] | ZhiGang,QingYing.Howmucharetherealreserveamountsofglobalfood,oil,andcoal?PartyForum,2008,(12)55-55.
|
[46] | [之刚,清颖.全球粮食,石油,煤炭储量到底有多少?党政论坛,2008,(12):55-55.]
|
[47] | [D].Beijing:ChineseAcademyofAgriculturalSciences,2001.
|
[48] | [许世卫.中国食物发展与区域比较研究
|
[49] | [D].北京:中国农业科学院,2001.]
|
[50] | XuShiwei.ThesituationandcountermeasuresoffoodsecurityinChina.ForumonScienceandTechnologyinChina,2007,(11):116-119,131.
|
[51] | [许世卫.中国食物安全现状与对策.中国科技论坛,2007,(11):116-119,131.]
|
[52] | TaoFulu,YokozawaM,LiuJiyuanetal.Climatechange,landusechange,andChina'sfoodsecurityinthetwenty-firstcentury:Anintegratedperspective.ClimaticChange,2009,93(3/4):433-445.
|
[53] | [林毅夫.中国粮食供给能力的过去与未来.战略与管理,1998,(4):82-90.]
|
[54] | MaQiang.StudyonChina'sgrainproductioncapacityandfoodsecurity.AgriculturalEconomy,2006,(8):3-5.
|
[55] | [殷培红,方修琦.中国粮食安全脆弱区的识别及空间分异特征.地理学报,2008.63(10):1064-1072.]
|
[56] | YueTianxiang,TianYongzhong,LiuJiyuanetal.SurfacemodelingofhumancarryingcapacityofterrestrialecosystemsinChina.EcologicalModelling,2008,214(2/3/4):168-180.
|
[57] | TianYongzhong.AssessmentofpotentialfoodprovisioningservicesofterrestrialecosystemsinChinabasedongrid-cells
|
[58] | [D].Beijing:InstituteofGeographicalSciencesandNaturalResourcesResearch,ChineseAcademyofSciences,2004.
|
[59] | [田永中.基于栅格的中国陆地生态系统食物供给功能评估
|
[60] | [D].北京:中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,2004.]
|
[61] | LuLiangshu,LiuZhicheng.Long-termStrategyofChina'sFoodDevelopment.Beijing:ChinaAgriculturePress,1993.
|
[62] | [卢良恕,刘志澄.中国中长期食物发展战略.北京:农业出版社,1993.]
|
Full-Text
|
|
Contact Us
service@oalib.com QQ:3279437679 
WhatsApp +8615387084133
|
|