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OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
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喜马拉雅山北坡冰碛湖库容计算及变化——以龙巴萨巴湖为例
DOI: 10.11821/xb201011008, PP. 1381-1390
Keywords: 冰碛湖,库容,声纳,龙巴萨巴湖,喜马拉雅
Abstract:
喜马拉雅地区冰湖溃决洪水灾害日益受到人们重视。作为估算冰湖溃决洪峰流量和模拟洪水演进的必要参数之一，冰湖库容量准确计算十分重要。2009年9月对西藏定结县龙巴萨巴湖科考时，应用HydroboxTM高分辨率回声测深仪对该湖进行了测深试验，共采集6916个离散数据点，测得冰湖最深处为101.94m，平均水深47.50m。结合同一时段LandsatTM遥感影像解译结果，通过构建不规则三角网模拟龙巴萨巴湖湖盆形态，并计算出该湖2009年库容量为0.64×108m3。利用GIS技术对1977-2008年不同年份的LandsatMSS、地形图、LandsatTM和ASTER遥感影像进行数字化，结果表明近30年来龙巴萨巴湖长度和面积均呈增加趋势，且自2000年以来更为显著。利用不同时期龙巴萨巴湖面积和计算的库容量，得到冰碛湖库容—面积计算公式，可为喜马拉雅地区其他冰碛湖库容量估算提供理论参考。龙巴萨巴湖的扩张方向与其母冰川后退方向保持一致。通过对龙巴萨巴湖所在区域中国境内5个气象站点气温、降水数据的年代际变化分析，表明冰湖规模扩大是气候变暖和冰川退缩的产物。
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