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OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
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末次冰盛期后格尔木河下切的时空变化及其构造意义
DOI: 10.11821/xb201111010, PP. 1540-1550
Keywords: 格尔木河,河流阶地,下切速率,构造抬升
Abstract:
格尔木河河谷中发育有四级河流阶地,均形成于末次冰盛期之后。阶地的形成由构造抬升驱动,四级阶地代表的河流下切过程反映了四次阶段性构造抬升。以三岔河和纳赤台为代表的中游河段,四次河流阶段性下切速率分别为16~13kaBP(T4-T3),3.33~9.33mm/a；13~11kaBP(T3-T2),5.5~12mm/a；11~5kaBP(T2-T1),0.33~1mm/a；5kaBP(T1至今),0.6~0.8mm/a,下切速率自T4至T1先增快后减慢。上游小南川河段5kaBP以来的平均下切速率为4mm/a,显著大于三岔河和纳赤台河段,同期河流溯源侵蚀速率也较快,表明小南川局部地区全新世中期抬升强烈,应为西大滩断裂强烈活动所致。受区域性构造活动差异影响,格尔木河河流阶地在局部地区出现变形,其中在三岔河和最老冲积扇扇顶存在两个下切幅度和速度高峰值,而纳赤台河段下切和缓。表明控制昆仑河和野牛沟发育的昆仑河—野牛沟断裂、山前的红石沟断裂自末次冰盛期以来持续活动。其中,昆仑河—野牛沟断裂16~13kaBP活动速率较快,到13~11kaBP达到最快,11kaBP后减慢,与河流中下游整体构造活动趋势一致。
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