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OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
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1962-2011年长江流域极端气温事件分析
DOI: 10.11821/xb201305004, PP. 611-625
Keywords: 长江流域,极端气温,暖指数,冷指数,变化趋势
Abstract:
根据1962-2011年长江流域115个气象站点的逐日最高气温、日最低气温资料,利用线性倾向估计法、主成分分析及相关分析法,并根据选取的16个极端气温指标,分析了该地区极端气温的时间变化趋势和空间分布规律。结果表明(1)冷昼日数、冷夜日数、冰冻日数、霜冻日数、冷持续日数分别以-0.84、-2.78、-0.48、-3.29、-0.67d·(10a)-1的趋势减小,而暖昼日数、暖夜日数、夏季日数、热夜日数、暖持续日数、生物生长季以2.24、2.86、2.93、1.80、0.83、2.30d·(10a)-1的趋势增加,日最高(低)气温的极低值、日最高(低)气温的极高值和极端气温日较差的倾向率分别为0.33、0.47、0.16、0.19、-0.07℃·(10a)-1;(2)冷指数(冷夜日数、日最高气温的极低值、日最低气温的极低值)的变暖幅度明显大于暖指数(暖夜日数、日最高气温的极高值、日最低气温的极高值),夜指数(暖夜日数、冷夜日数)的变暖幅度明显大于昼指数(暖昼日数、冷昼日数);(3)空间分布上,长江上游区域冷指数的平均值大于其中下游区域,而暖指数和生物生长季则是中下游多年平均值大于上游区域(暖持续日数除外);(4)因子分析的结果表明,除了极端气温日较差之外,各极端气温指数之间均呈现很好的相关性。
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