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OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
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近20年天山地区冰湖变化特征
, PP. 983-993
Keywords: 天山,变化,冰湖,遥感
Abstract:
主要基于LandsatTM/ETM+影像等数据,分析1990-2010年来天山地区冰湖变化特征及其对冰川融水径流的影响。近20年来,天山冰湖面积平均以0.689km2a-1或0.8%a-1的速度扩张,其中一半以上是由东天山(0.352km2a-1)贡献的,其次为北天山,面积年均增率为0.165km2a-1,西天山和中央天山的面积年均增率最小,分别为0.089km2a-1和0.083km2a-1。除在相对较低海拔(4100m)范围内冰湖面积出现减少的现象,其他各高度带的冰湖面积均在扩张,其中增率最快的在3500~3900m之间,平均增速达1.6%a-1。冰湖扩张是本区气候变暖和冰川普遍退缩共同作用的结果,以中小规模的冰湖(<0.6km2)对冰川退缩响应最为敏感。冰湖扩张能在一定程度上延缓因气候变暖而导致的区域冰川水资源的亏损,每年大约有0.006Gt的冰川融水滞留在冰湖中,约占天山冰川年消融量的2‰,但也将加剧本区冰湖溃决洪水/泥石流灾害的频次和强度。
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