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地理学报  2014 

1982-2010年中国草地覆盖度的时空动态及其对气候变化的响应

DOI: 10.11821/dlxb201401002, PP. 15-30

Keywords: 草地覆盖度,降水,滞后效应,时空动态,气温,相关性

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Abstract:

基于1982-2006年的GIMMSNDVI数据和2001-2010年的MODISNDVI数据反演中国草地覆盖度的空间格局和变化趋势,结合1982-2010年中国气象站点气温和降水数据,分别从不同时空尺度和不同草地类型上分析中国草地覆盖度的年际和月际变化对气候变化的响应。结果表明(1)1982-2010年间中国草地分布区气温呈上升趋势(0.04℃/年),降水量呈减少趋势(-0.39mm/年),西北干旱区气候暖湿化趋势明显。(2)中国草地覆盖度空间上呈现东南高西北低的特征,29年间草地覆盖度平均值为34%,坡面草地覆盖度最高为61.4%,荒漠草地覆盖度最低为17.1%。(3)29年间中国草地覆盖度总体呈现上升趋势,平均为0.17%/年,西北干旱和青藏高原地区草地覆盖度增加趋势明显。坡面草地覆盖度增加趋势最明显,平均值为0.27%/年,平原草地和草甸增加趋势较小,平均值仅为0.11%/年和0.10%/年。总体上,中国草地覆盖度呈极显著增加(46.03%)和显著增加的面积比例(11%)大于极显著减少(4.1%)和显著减少的面积比例(3.24%)。(4)从年际变化上,草地覆盖度与气温和降水量均呈不显著正相关(R=0.21;R=0.1);从不同草地类型上,荒漠草地和平原草地覆盖度受降水量影响较大,而高山亚高山草甸、高山亚高山草地、坡面草地和草甸覆盖度与温度相关性较大。(5)从月际变化上,草地覆盖度与当月气温、降水量具有显著的相关性(R=0.80;R=0.76),表明水热因子的季节波动对牧草生长的影响更大;并且所有类型植被覆盖度与前一月气温和降水量的相关系数最大,表现出明显的时滞效应。

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