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OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
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放牧对古尔班通古特沙漠南部沙垄地表性质的影响
DOI: 10.11821/xb200707003, PP. 698-706
Keywords: 放牧,半固定沙垄,地表性质,古尔班通古特沙漠
Abstract:
分别于2002年和2005年对古尔班通古特沙漠南部的同一条半固定沙垄,进行了放牧前后的地表覆盖(包括植物和生物结皮)、沙面活动强度和土壤理化性质的系统监测和研究。主要结论如下2002年,自然沙垄80%以上的地表被植物和生物结皮所覆盖,除沙垄顶部外,其他部位基本处于稳定状态。2005年受放牧干扰的影响,生物结皮破损率达到80%以上,同期植物覆盖不及2002年的1/5,特别是短命植物变化最明显。2005年输沙势只有2002年的1/3,但沙面活动强度是2002年的2.6倍,活动区域也从垄顶部扩展至整个沙垄表面。放牧后地表组成物中的中沙含量增加了13.9%,而细沙和极细沙含量分别减少了7.4%和8.0%,沙垄各部位有机质含量在放牧后一个风季即下降了近1/2。可见,放牧造成地表保护条件的多重损害,使沙漠地表稳定性趋于丧失。其细粒物质及有机质的大量流失,也将对我国温带荒漠生态系统的可持续发展产生重要影响。
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