OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
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黄河中游河口—龙门区间多年平均流域水平衡特征———区域蒸散量估算模型验证与下垫面参数校核
DOI: 10.11821/xb200707008, PP. 753-763
Keywords: 蒸散量,水平衡特征,土地覆被,黄河中游
Abstract:
采用黄河中游河口镇至龙门区间1980-2000年间径流及气象数据,通过对Zhang等2001建立的区域(流域)多年平均蒸散量估算模型进行验证和下垫面参数校核工作,探索了干旱半干旱地区水循环要素相应于不同土地覆被类型的结构变化及水平衡特征和规律。结果表明,由于研究区处于干旱半干旱气候区,采用原模型及参数对蒸散量的预测能力好于对径流的预测能力。使用优化后的下垫面参数使原模型对河龙区间蒸散量和径流预测能力得以改进,一致性指标分别从0.89和0.21提高到0.94和0.63。对实际蒸散量进行预测的相对误差和均方误从3.6%和17.2mm减小到1.5%和7.9mm,对径流进行预测的相对误差从42.7%减小到18.0%。聚类分析和下垫面参数优化结果表明,河龙区间流域水循环要素变化特征受不同土地覆被影响可以分为3个明显不同的区域。由于大面积林地截流蒸发的作用,南部林地覆被区具有较高蒸发系数,适用下垫面参数值为1.61。西北部风沙地貌区受粉沙覆盖层和地下径流补给影响,使该区蒸发系数较小,适用值为0.1。中部典型黄土丘陵覆盖区适用值为0.45。
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