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OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
费用：99美元
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洞庭湖区的泥沙淤积效应
DOI: 10.11821/xb200805007, PP. 514-523
Keywords: 泥沙淤积,湖泊滩地,泥沙灾害链,洞庭湖
Abstract:
以1951-2005年长系列实测泥沙等资料为依据,从泥沙淤积特性与资源环境之间的关系上,探讨了洞庭湖区的泥沙淤积效应。研究表明由于洞庭湖区始终处于淤积状态,加之人类活动影响,导致了泥沙淤积循环演进的格局,以至于使泥沙的灾害性效应与资源性效应均在湖区得到充分的显示。主要表现在①塑造了水体滩地、泥沙滩地、湖草滩地、芦苇滩地等类型滩地,构成了湖泊巨系统的主体；②孕育或诱发了泥沙淤积→洲滩扩展、围垦→调洪功能下降、鱼类资源枯竭、生物多样性减少灾害链泥沙淤积→洲滩扩展→洪涝、水质污染；泥沙淤积→植被洲滩浮涨→血吸虫病、害鼠致害灾害链；泥沙淤积→洪溃决堤→土地沙化灾害链。这些淤积型泥沙灾害链给湖区直接或间接地造成巨大的经济损失。③近55年间,泥沙塑造土地约98.13×108hm2,人类合理开发利用洲滩资源获得了巨大的经济效益,就地挖沙加高防洪大堤2~3m,累积土石方约55×108m3,节省了购买大量原材料的开支。
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