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OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
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青藏高原东北缘全新世人类活动与环境变化——以青海湖江西沟2号遗迹为例
DOI: 10.11821/xb201303009, PP. 380-388
Keywords: 青藏高原东北缘,人类活动,环境
Abstract:
青海湖江西沟遗迹是青藏高原东北缘一处有连续地层的重要细石器文化遗存,对其人类活动指标(石器、动物碎骨、陶片等)与环境指标(磁化率、色度、孢粉及集成结果)对比分析表明细石器文化与环境变化关系密切,在全新世JXG2细石器狩猎者一直生活在以蒿为主的草原环境.在9kaBP以前的早全新世,环境状况不断好转,人类已经在湖区活动,并逐渐增强;9kaBP后最佳的水热组合,较高的草原覆盖,为细石器狩猎者提供充足的食物来源,推动文化进入鼎盛期;6kaBP后随着环境干冷化,细石器文化也开始衰弱.孢粉分析发现9~6kaBP高的禾本科含量及种类丰富的杂草花粉,与人类活动有关;尤其是禾本科含量在6.7~4kaBP保持较高水平,此时段恰是陶片开始出现并普遍使用的时期,推测与JXG2先民尝试种植农作物有关.高原东北缘在6kaBP之前为细石器文化,6kaBP之后高原史前文化开始发生分化,细石器狩猎者活跃在海拔较高的高原上,农业种植者占据了较低的河谷地带,在二者交接地带,形成了兼具细石器文化与农业种植文化特征土著新石器文化.
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